Shaped charge and a perforating gun
A shaped charge comprises a shell, an explosive charge disposed inside the shell, and a first liner for retaining the explosive charge within the shell. The shaped charge further comprises an acid material disposed inside the shell on the first liner and retained by a second liner into the shell.
1. A shaped charge comprising:
a shell having a frusto-conical shape wherein the shell comprises:
a bottom;
a top defining a ring extending into an interior of the shell; and
a side wall extending between the bottom and the top and wherein a first end of the side wall engages an outer perimeter of the bottom and a second end of the side wall engages an outer perimeter of the ring defined by the top;
an explosive charge disposed inside the shell; and
a first liner having a frusto-conical shape for retaining the explosive charge between the first liner and the shell and wherein the first liner engages an inner perimeter of the ring defined by the top of the shell;
wherein the first liner comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent;
wherein the shaped charge further comprises an acid material disposed inside the shell on the first liner and retained by a second liner into the shell, the second liner comprising an encapuslating membrane for housing the acid matertial, the encapsulating membrane comprising:
a frusto-conical outer membrane; and
an inner membrane having an inner membrane bottom comprising a conically shaped bottom having a peak that is pointed toward a jetting direction.
2. A shaped charge according to claim 1 , wherein the acid material is an acid powder layer.
3. A shaped charge according to claim 1 , wherein the acid material is an acid compound encapsulated with the second liner.
4. A shaped charge according to claim 1 , wherein the acid material is encapsulated in micro-spheres.
5. A shaped charge according to claim 1 , wherein the acid material is selected from the group consisting of crystaline H 2 SO 4 , perchloric acid HClO 4 (1-2)H 2 O mono and dehydrated, and trichloroacetic acid CCl 3 COOH.
6. A shaped charge according to claim 1 , wherein the first liner further comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium powder mixed with another metal powder, titanium alloy powder mixed with another metal powder, boron, boron alloy, lithium, lithium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, silicon, silicon alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy.
7. The shaped charge according to claim 1 , wherein the first liner comprises:
a first liner bottom substantially parallel to the bottom of the shell; and
a first liner side wall extending from the ring of the shell to the first liner bottom and wherein the first liner side wall is substantially parallel to the side wall of the shell.
8. The shaped charge according to claim 7 , wherein the encapsulating membrane further comprises:
the frusto-conical outer membrane comprising:
an outer membrane bottom substantially parallel to the bottom of the shell and the first liner bottom;
an outer membrane side wall substantially parallel to the shell and the first liner side walls;
the inner membrane further comprises an inner membrane side wall located within the outer membrane side wall and substantially parallel to the outer membrane side wall; and
an encapsulating membrane top for coupling the top of the outer membrane side wall to the inner membrane side wall.
9. A perforating gun adapted to be positioned at a determined depth in a well, comprising:
a control module; and
a shaped charge operatively coupled to the control module, the shaped charge comprising:
a shell having a frusto-conical shape wherein the shell comprises:
a bottom;
a top defining a ring extending into an interior of the shell; and
a side wall extending between the bottom and the top and wherein a first end of the side wall engages an outer perimeter of the bottom and a second end of the side wall engages an outer perimeter of the ring defined by the top;
an explosive charge disposed inside the shell; and
a first liner having a frusto-conical shape for retaining the explosive charge between the first liner and the shell and wherein the first liner engages an inner perimeter of the ring defined by the top of the shell,
wherein the first liner comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent;
wherein the shaped charge further comprises an acid material disposed inside the shell on the first liner and retained by a second liner into the shell, the second liner comprising an encapuslating membrane for housing the acid matertial, the encapsulating membrane comprising:
a frusto-conical outer membrane; and
an inner membrane having an inner membrane bottom comprising a conically shaped bottom having a peak that is pointed toward a jetting direction.
10. The perforating gun according to claim 9 , wherein the first liner comprises:
a first liner bottom substantially parallel to the bottom of the shell; and
a first liner side wall extending from the ring of the shell to the first liner bottom and wherein the first liner side wall is substantially parallel to the side wall of the shell.
11. The perforating gun according to claim 10 , wherein the encapsulating membrane further comprises:
the frusto-conical outer membrane comprising:
an outer membrane bottom substantially parallel to the bottom of the shell and the first liner bottom;
an outer membrane side wall substantially parallel to the first liner side walls;
the inner membrane further comprises an inner membrane side wall located within the outer membrane side wall and substantially parallel to the outer membrane side wall; and
an encapsulating membrane top for coupling the top of the outer membrane side wall to the inner membrane side wall.
12. A method for perforating in a well, comprising the steps of:
positioning a perforating gun at a determined depth in the well, the perforating gun comprising at least one shaped charge comprising
a shell having a frusto-conical shape wherein the shell comprises:
a bottom;
a top defining a ring extending into an interior of the shell; and
a side wall extending between the bottom and the top and wherein a first end of the side wall engages an outer perimeter of the bottom and a second end of the side wall engages an outer perimeter of the ring defined by the top,
an explosive charge disposed inside the shell,
a first liner having a frusto-conical shape for retaining the explosive charge between the first liner and the shell and wherein the first liner engages an inner perimeter of the ring defined by the top of the shell,
an acid material disposed inside the shell on the first liner and retained by a second liner into the shell, wherein the first liner comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent, wherein the second liner comprising an encapsulating membrane for housing the acid material, the encapsulating membrane comprising:
a frusto-conical outer membrane;
an inner membrane having an inner membrane bottom comprising a conically shaped bottom having a peak that is pointed toward a jetting direction;
detonating the shaped charge to form a perforation in a selected zone of a formation; and
allowing the acid material to react with any fluid present in the perforation in order to clean the perforation.
13. The method for perforating in a well according to claim 12 , wherein the first liner comprises:
a first liner bottom substantially parallel to the bottom of the shell; and
a first liner side wall extending from the ring of the shell to the first liner bottom and wherein the first liner side wall is substantially parallel to the side wall of the shell.
14. The method for perforating in the well according to claim 13 , wherein the encapsulating membrane further comprises:
the frusto-conical outer membrane comprising:
an outer membrane bottom substantially parallel to the bottom of the shell and the first liner bottom;
an outer membrane side wall substantially parallel to the first liner side walls;
the inner membrane further comprises an inner membrane side wall located within the outer membrane side wall and substantially parallel to the outer membrane side wall; and
an encapsulating membrane top for coupling the top of the outer membrane side wall to the inner membrane side wall.