Toner, developer, toner container, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
A toner containing a colorant, and a binder resin, wherein the toner is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a colorant, a precursor of the binder resin having a site capable of reacting with an active hydrogen group-containing compound, the active hydrogen group-containing compound, in an organic solvent, to prepare a toner constituent mixture liquid, dispersing or emulsifying the toner constituent mixture liquid, in an aqueous medium while subjecting the precursor to a reaction with the active hydrogen group-containing compound, to prepare a toner dispersion, and removing the organic solvent from the toner dispersion; the binder resin contains a modified polyester having an isocyanate-derived binding site; the Sn content in the toner is 800 ppm or less; the content of a metal which is non Sn and derived from a polyesterified catalyst is 10 ppm to 200 ppm; and the content of a metal which is non Sn and derived from an isocyanated catalyst is 10 ppm to 200 ppm.
1. A toner, comprising:
a colorant; and
a binder resin;
wherein:
the toner is prepared by:
dissolving or dispersing at least the colorant, a precursor of the binder resin having a site capable of reacting with an active hydrogen group-containing compound and the active hydrogen group-containing compound in an organic solvent to prepare a toner constituent mixture liquid;
dispersing or emulsifying the toner constituent mixture liquid in an aqueous medium while subjecting the precursor to a reaction with the active hydrogen group-containing compound to prepare a toner dispersion; and
removing the organic solvent from the toner dispersion to prepare the toner;
the binder resin comprises at least a modified polyester;
the modified polyester is derived from the precursor which has an isocyanate-derived functional group;
an Sn content of the toner is 800 ppm or less;
a content of Ti derived from a polyesterified catalyst in the toner is 10 ppm to 200 ppm; and
a content of Bi derived from an isocyanated catalyst in the toner is 10 ppm to 200 ppm.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein:
the Sn content is 0 ppm to 500 ppm;
the content of Ti derived from the polyesterified catalyst is 10 ppm to 200 ppm; and
the content of Bi derived from the isocyanated catalyst is 10 ppm to 200 ppm.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binding site derived from the isocyanate group is at least one of a urea bond and a urethane bond.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein:
the modified polyester comprises an isocyanate terminal modified polyester; and
the isocyanate terminal modified polyester is prepared by reacting an unmodified polyester with a diisocyanate compound in the presence of the isocyanated catalyst.
5. The toner according to claim 4 , wherein the unmodified polyester consists of uncrosslinkable components.
6. The toner according to claim 4 , wherein the isocyanate terminal modified polyester has a ratio (NCO/OH) of a number of OH groups of the unmodified polyester relative to a number of NCO groups of the diisocyanate compound of from 2.0 to 2.5.
7. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the unmodified polyester is polymerized using the polyesterified catalyst.
8. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner comprises a crosslinkable polyester.
9. The toner according to claim 8 , wherein the crosslinkable polyester is formed by a reaction between the modified polyester and the active hydrogen group-containing compound.
10. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein:
the toner comprises a binder resin which differs from the polymer having a site capable of reacting with at least the active hydrogen group-containing compound; and
the glass transition temperature of the binder resin is 30° C. to 50° C.
11. The toner according to claim 10 , wherein the binder resin has an acid value of 1 mg KOH/g to 30 mg KOH/g.
12. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature of 40° C. to 70° C.
13. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein:
a weight average particle diameter of the toner is 3 μm to 8 μm; and
a ratio of the weight average particle diameter of the toner to a number average particle diameter of the toner is 1.25 or less.
14. A process cartridge comprising:
a latent electrostatic image bearing member; and
a developing unit configured to develop a latent electrostatic image formed on the latent electrostatic image bearing member using a toner to form a visible image;
wherein:
the toner is prepared by:
dissolving or dispersing at least a colorant, a precursor of a binder resin having a site capable of reacting with an active hydrogen group-containing, compound and the active hydrogen group-containing compound in an organic solvent to prepare a toner constituent mixture liquid;
dispersing or emulsifying the toner constituent mixture liquid in an aqueous medium while subjecting the precursor to a reaction with the active hydrogen group-containing compound to prepare a toner dispersion; and
removing the organic solvent from the toner dispersion to prepare the toner;
the binder resin comprises at least a modified polyester;
the modified polyester is derived from the precursor which has an isocyanate-derived functional group;
an Sn content of the toner is 800 ppm or less;
a content of Ti derived from a polyesterified catalyst in the toner is 10 ppm to 200 ppm; and
a content of Bi derived from an isocyanated catalyst in the toner is 10 ppm to 200 ppm.
15. An image forming method comprising:
forming a latent electrostatic image on a latent electrostatic image bearing member;
developing the latent electrostatic image using a toner to form a visible image;
transferring the visible image onto a recording medium; and
fixing the image transferred to the recording medium;
wherein:
the toner is prepared by:
dissolving or dispersing at least a colorant, a precursor of the binder resin having a site capable of reacting with an active hydrogen group-containing and the active hydrogen group-containing compound in an organic solvent to prepare a toner constituent mixture liquid;
dispersing or emulsifying the toner constituent mixture liquid in an aqueous medium while subjecting the precursor to a reaction with the active hydrogen group-containing compound to prepare a toner dispersion; and
removing the organic solvent from the toner dispersion to prepare the toner;
the binder resin comprises at least a modified polyester;
the modified polyester is derived from the precursor which has an isocyanate-derived functional group;
an Sn content of the toner is 800 ppm or less;
a content of Ti derived from a polyesterified catalyst in the toner is 10 ppm to 200 ppm; and
a content of Bi derived from an isocyanated catalyst in the toner is 10 ppm to 200 ppm.