Topical anesthetic/opioid formulations and uses thereof
Many chemical and pharmaceutical compositions are known to produce antinociceptive effects that are helpful in relieving pain and inflammation. Both opioids and local anesthetics serve an important function in providing peripheral pain relief. Topical administration of pain-relieving drugs to the periphery offers important advantages over systemic or local, non-topical administration. The present invention provides topical pharmaceutical compositions, formulated with at least one local anesthetic and at least one opioid analgesic in a topical excipient. The present invention also provides methods for relieving pain in a subject through topical administration of the pharmaceutical composition in an amount and a duration sufficient to synergistically potentiate an antinociceptive response. Synergistic potentiation of analgesia through topical administration of a local anesthetic/opioid pharmaceutical composition provides a new and improved approach to peripheral pain management.
1. A method of providing topical analgesia to a subject comprising topically administering to peripheral sites in the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) synergistically effective amounts of morphine and butamben and (ii) a physiologically acceptable topical excipient, to potentiate analgesia at the peripheral sites, wherein morphine and butamben are present in a ratio of about 1:0.4.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains morphine in a dose of about 0.1% to about 10% of the composition.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains morphine in a dose of about 0.5% to about 5% of the composition.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains butamben in a dose of about 0.5% to about 5% of the composition.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains butamben in a dose of about 0.01% to about 1% of the composition.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains butamben in a dose of about 0.01% to about 0.05% of the composition.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a tolerance attenuating or preventing NMDA receptor antagonist and wherein the NMDA receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, ketamine, pyroloquinoline quinone, cis-4-(phosphonomethyl)-2-piperdine carboxylic acid, MK801, memantine, and their mixtures and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains the NMDA receptor antagonist in a dose of about 0.01% to about 25% of the composition.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains the NMDA receptor antagonist in a dose of about 0.1% to about 15% of the composition.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains the NMDA receptor antagonist in a dose of about 0.5% to about 5% of the composition.
11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains the NMDA receptor antagonist in a dose of about 0.01% to about 1% of the composition.
12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains the NMDA receptor antagonist in a dose of about 0.01% to about 0.05% of the composition.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein topical administration of the pharmaceutical composition is provided to cutaneous, mucosal, vaginal, rectal, ocular, or nasal surfaces.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is topically administered to a subject in an amount and duration sufficient to prevent or relieve acute and chronic peripheral neuropathy.