Methods for the prediction of arrhythmias and prevention of sudden cardiac death
Methods and kits are provided for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure and other diseased conditions of the heart. The methods and kits comprise measuring serum NGF levels in a subject and detecting increases in NGF levels over baseline. The methods may further comprise initiating preventive therapy in response to a detected increase in serum NGF levels.
1. A method for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, a congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart comprising:
measuring the serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in a human subject;
comparing the measured NGF serum level with the normal NGF level to determine whether there is an increase in the serum NGF level; and
determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when there is a 2.5-fold or greater increase in the serum NGF level, or
determining that the human subject does not have an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, a congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when there is not the 2.5-fold or greater increase in scrum or plasma NGF level.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the normal NGF level is about 10 ng/ml.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when there is a 5.05-fold or greater increase in the serum NGF level.
4. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when there is a 8.80-fold or greater increase in scrum NGF level.
5. A method for determining an increased likelihood of the occurrence of a human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, a congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart comprising:
measuring the serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in a human subject;
determining if the measured NGF serum level is greater than about 25 ng/ml; and
determining that the human subject has an increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when the measured NGF serum level is greater than 25 ng/ml, or
determining that the human subject does not have the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when the measured NGF serum level is not greater than 25 ng/ml.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the serum NGF level is 104 ng/ml or greater.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the serum NGF level is 235 ng/ml or greater.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the serum NGF level is 366 ng/ml or greater.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the serum NGF level is 97 ng/ml or greater.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the, method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the serum NGF level is 225 ng/ml or greater.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the scrum NGF level is 353 ng/ml or greater.
12. The method of claim 5 , wherein the other disease conditions of the human heart is a myocardial infarction, and the method comprises determining that the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction when the serum NGF level is 447 ng/ml or greater.
13. A method for treating the occurrence of a human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, a congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart comprising:
measuring the serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in a human subject;
comparing the measured NGF serum level with the normal NGF level of about 10 ng/ml;
determining if the measured NGF serum level is greater than about 25 ng/ml;
determining that the human subject has an increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when the measured NGF serum level is greater than 25 ng/ml, or
determining that the human subject does not have the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart when the measured NGF serum level is not greater than 25 ng/ml; and
administering suitable therapy if the human subject has the increased likelihood of the occurrence of the human cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, the congestive heart failure and other disease conditions of the human heart.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the therapy is delivering one or more pharmacological agents.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the therapy is stimulating myocardial hyperinnervation in the sinus mode and right ventricle of the patient heart.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the therapy is cardiac pacing.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein the therapy is cardioversion.
18. The method of claim 13 wherein the therapy is defibrillation shock to the patient heart.
19. The method of claim 14 wherein the pharmacological agents are further described as sodium channel blockers, β-blockers, potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone and solatol, and calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil and diltiazem and phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and phenobarbitone.