Moisture-resistant electroluminescent phosphor with high initial brightness and method of making
The present invention is an electroluminescent phosphor wherein each individual phosphor particle is encapsulated in an inorganic coating applied by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating method. In a preferred embodiment, the coating is aluminum oxyhydroxide. The encapsulated phosphor shows an extreme insensitivity to atmospheric moisture and suffers only minor loss of initial brightness in lamps.
1. An electroluminescent phosphor, comprising: individual particles of a zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor wherein each particle is encapsulated in an inorganic coating, the phosphor exhibiting a retained initial brightness of at least 95% and a 100-hour maintenance of at least 60% when incorporated in an electroluminescent lamp that is operated at 100V and 400 Hz in a 50° C., 90% relative humidity environment.
2. The phosphor of claim 1 wherein the 100-hour maintenance is at least 75%.
3. The phosphor of claim 1 wherein the electroluminescent phosphor is ZnS:Cu.
4. The phosphor of claim 1 wherein the inorganic coating is aluminum oxyhydroxide.
5. The phosphor of claim 4 wherein the 100-hour maintenance is at least 75%.
6. The phosphor of claim 4 wherein the electroluminescent phosphor is ZnS:Cu.
7. A method for encapsulating an electroluminescent phosphor comprising:
(a) forming a fluidized bed of electroluminescent phosphor particles;
(b) introducing a first vapor phase precursor into the fluidized bed;
(c) purging the fluidized bed;
(d) introducing a second vapor phase precursor into the fluidized bed to react with the first precursor and form an inorganic coating on the phosphor particles;
(e) purging the fluidized bed; and
(f) repeating steps (a) through (e) until a final coating thickness of at least about 900 Å is reached.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the first or second vapor phase precursor is either vaporized trimethylaluminum or water vapor and the coating is aluminum oxyhydroxide.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the final coating thickness is at least about 1200 Å.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the final coating thickness in step (f) is reached after about 800 cycles of repeating steps (a) through (e).
11. A method for encapsulating an electroluminescent phosphor comprising:
(a) forming a fluidized bed of ZnS:Cu electroluminescent phosphor particles;
(b) introducing a vaporized trimethylaluminum into the fluidized bed;
(c) purging the fluidized bed;
(d) introducing water vapor into the fluidized bed to react with the trimethylaluminum and form an aluminum oxyhydroxide coating on the phosphor particles;
(e) purging the fluidized bed; and
(f) repeating steps (a) through (e) until a final coating thickness of at least about 900 Å is reached.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the final coating thickness is at least about 1200 Å.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the final coating thickness in step (f) is reached after about 800 cycles of repeating steps (a) through (e).
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the vaporized trimethylaluminum is introduced in step (d) and the water vapor is introduced in step (b).
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the final coating thickness is at least about 1200 Å.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the final coating thickness in step (f) is reached after about 800 cycles of repeating steps (a) through (e).
17. A coated electroluminescent phosphor, comprising: individual particles of a zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor wherein each particle is encapsulated in an aluminum oxyhydroxide coating, the phosphor exhibiting a retained initial brightness of at least 95% and having a moisture resistance equivalent to a CVD-coated phosphor having an aluminum oxyhydroxide coating wherein the aluminum content of the CVD-coated phosphor is 3.8 weight percent.
18. The coated phosphor of claim 17 wherein the aluminum content of the coated electroluminescent phosphor is 1.6 weight percent.