Centering structure for tubular member and method of making same
An apparatus and method for manufacture of a unitary centralizer forming Apertures are formed in a blank to create an intermediate blank having bow spring elements within a unitary centralizer and expanding a medial portion of the bow spring elements. An expansion element is inserted into the intermediate blank. An expansive force is applied to the expansion element, thereby expanding the medial portion of the bow spring elements. Mandrels placed against the upper and lower surfaces of the expansion element receive a compressive force for transfer to the expansion element. Set screw holes are placed on the unitary centralizer for attachment.
1. A centralizer for maintaining a tubular member in a substantially centralized position within a borehole, comprising:
a substantially seamless material of substantially cylindrical shape, devoid of removable section, having a circumferential wall, an upper end, and a lower end;
a plurality of apertures in the circumferential wall having an upper end and a lower end, wherein the apertures define an upper collar element, a lower collar element of the circumferential wall, and bow spring elements disposed between the upper collar element and lower collar element; and wherein,
each bow spring element has a medial portion of the bow spring element that is expandable radially such that the circumference of the centralizer is larger around the medial portions of the bow spring elements than the around the upper collar element and the lower collar element.
2. The centralizer of claim 1 , wherein the substantially seamless material is substantially homogeneous.
3. The centralizer of claim 1 , wherein the bow spring elements are elastically deformable to reduce the circumference of the centralizer around the medial portions of the bow spring elements.
4. The centralizer of claim 3 , wherein the substantially seamless material is substantially homogeneous.
5. The centralizer of claim 4 , further comprising a plurality of set screw holes extending radially through at least one of the upper collar element and the lower collar element.
6. The centralizer of claim 5 , wherein the set screw holes are threaded.
7. A method of fabricating a centralizer for maintaining a tubular member in a substantially centralized position within a borehole, comprising:
forming a plurality of apertures in a substantially seamless material of substantially cylindrical shape, devoid of removable section, having a circumferential wall, an upper end, and a lower end to create an intermediate blank; wherein
the plurality of apertures in the circumferential wall having an upper end and a lower end define an upper collar element, a lower collar element of the circumferential wall, and bow spring elements disposed between the upper collar element and lower collar element;
expanding a medial portion of the bow spring elements to cause plastic deformation of the bow spring elements; and whereby,
the circumference of the centralizer is larger around the medial portions of the bow spring elements than the around the upper collar element and the lower collar element.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the substantially seamless material is substantially homogeneous.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the expanding further comprises:
inserting an expansion element having a substantially cylindrical shape with an upper face, a lower face, and a flexible circumferential wall into the interior of the intermediate blank;
applying a compressive force to at least one of the upper face and the lower face causing the expansion element to expand radially as it is compressed axially.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the applying a compressive force further comprises:
placing an upper mandrel and a lower mandrel in contact with the upper face and lower face of the expansive element, respectively; and
applying a compressive force to at least one of the upper face and the lower face through the upper mandrel and the lower mandrel, causing the expansion element to expand radially as it is compressed axially.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the expansion element being inserted into the interior of the intermediate blank is made of an elastomer which expands radially as it is compressed axially.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the expansion element comprises a plurality of holes extending through the expansion element in a longitudinal direction of the expansion element.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the applying a compressive force further comprises:
placing an upper mandrel and a lower mandrel in contact with the upper face and lower face of the expansive element, respectively; and
applying a compressive force to at least one of the upper face and the lower face through the upper mandrel and the lower mandrel, causing the expansion element to expand radially as it is compressed axially.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the applying a compressive force further comprises:
placing an upper mandrel and a lower mandrel in contact with the upper face and lower face of the expansive element, respectively; and
applying a compressive force to at least one of the upper face and the lower face through the upper mandrel and the lower mandrel, causing the expansion element to expand radially as it is compressed axially.
15. The method of one of claim 7 , further comprising:
forming a plurality of set screw holes extending radially through at least one of the upper collar element and the lower collar element.
16. The method of one of claim 15 , further comprising:
threading the plurality of set screw holes.