Systems and methods of producing a crude product
The present invention is directed to a method for producing a crude product from a crude feed. A crude feed is contacted with a hydrogen source and a catalyst comprising a transition metal sulfide under conditions controlled such that the crude product has a residue content of at most the 30% of the residue content of the crude feed.
1. A method of producing a crude product, comprising:
contacting a crude feed with a hydrogen source in the presence of one or more catalysts comprising a transition metal sulfide catalyst to produce a total product that includes the crude product, wherein the crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa, the crude feed having a residue content of at least 0.2 grams of residue per gram of crude feed, as determined by ASTM Method D5307;
controlling contacting conditions such that the crude product has a residue content of at most 30% of the residue content of the crude feed; and
wherein the transition metal sulfide catalyst is obtained by:
mixing a transition metal oxide and a metal salt to form a transition metal oxide/metal salt mixture;
reacting the transition metal oxide/metal salt mixture with hydrogen to form an intermediate; and
reacting the intermediate with sulfur, one or more compounds of sulfur, or mixtures thereof in the presence of one or more hydrocarbons to produce the transition metal sulfide catalyst.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude feed has about 0.2 grams to about 0.99 grams of residue per gram of crude feed.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the sulfur is in a range from about 1 to about 100 mole % based on the moles of metal in the metal salt.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal sulfide catalyst has a total of at least 0.6 grams of transition metal sulfide per gram of transition metal sulfide catalyst.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal sulfide catalyst has a total of at least 0.8 grams of transition metal sulfide per gram of transition metal sulfide catalyst.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises one or more transition metals from Columns 6-10 of the Periodic Table, one or more compounds of one or more transition metals from Columns 6-10 of the Periodic Table, or mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises iron.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal salt comprises one or more alkali metals, one or more compounds of one or more alkali metals, or mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal salt comprises one or more alkaline-earth metals, one or more compounds of one or more alkaline-earth metals, or mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal salt comprises zinc.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal sulfide catalyst comprises: one or more alkali metals, one or more compounds of one or more alkali metals, or mixtures thereof, wherein an atomic ratio of transition metal to sulfur in the transition metal sulfide catalyst is in a range from about 0.5 to about 2.5, and an atomic ratio of the alkali metal to the transition metal is in a range from above 0 to about 1.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal sulfide catalyst comprises: one or more alkaline-earth metals, one or more compounds of one or more alkaline-earth metals, or mixtures thereof, an atomic ratio of transition metal to sulfur in the transition metal sulfide catalyst is in a range from about 0.5 to about 2.5, and an atomic ratio of the alkaline-earth metal to the transition metal is in a range from above 0 to about 1.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the total product is produced as a vapor, and the method further comprises condensing at least a portion of the vapor to form the crude product.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude product has from about 0.00001 grams to about 0.05 grams of residue per gram of crude product.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total product has at least 0.8 grams of crude product per gram of total product.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude product has from about 0.1 to about 0.99 grams of vacuum gas oil per gram of crude product.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude product has from about 0.1 to about 0.5 grams of distillate per gram of crude product.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises combining the crude product with a crude that is the same as or different from the crude feed to form a blend suitable for transportation and/or treatment facilities.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of processing the crude product to produce transportation fuel.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the processing comprises distilling the crude product into one or more distillate fractions.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the processing comprises hydrotreating.