Micro-electro-mechanical systems phosphoric acid fuel cell

1. A fuel cell apparatus, comprising:

a porous electrolyte support, said porous electrolyte support having a microelectromechanical systems body with micropore channels, wherein said porous electrolyte support comprises a solgel;

a phosphoric acid electrolyte reservoir;

a phosphoric acid electrolyte in said phosphoric acid electrolyte reservoir and in said micropore channels of said porous electrolyte support;

a cathode electrode contacting said microelectromechanical systems body with micropore channels and said phosphoric acid electrolyte;

a cathode flow field formed by said micropore channels of said porous electrolyte support connecting said cathode electrode and said phosphoric acid electrolyte reservoir;

an anode electrode contacting said microelectromechanical systems body with micropore channels and said phosphoric acid electrolyte; and

an anode flow field formed by said micropore channels of said porous electrolyte support connecting said anode electrode and said phosphoric acid electrolyte reservoir.

2. The fuel cell apparatus of claim 1 wherein said porous electrolyte support comprises a three dimensional “lattice” structure.

3. The fuel cell apparatus of claim 1 wherein said porous electrolyte support comprises a high aspect ratio micropore structure.

4. The fuel cell apparatus of claim 1 wherein said porous electrolyte support is cylindrical to increase overall surface area of the electrode.

5. The fuel cell apparatus of claim 1 wherein said porous electrolyte support is structured to include microchannels.

6. The fuel cell apparatus of claim 1 wherein said porous electrolyte support is structured to include 10-100 μm wide microchannels.

7. A method of producing a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:

providing a porous microelectromechanical systems electrolyte support, said step of providing a porous microelectromechanical systems electrolyte support including

anisotropically etching one side of a wafer to a depth of up to approximately 425 microns to create first micropores and masking and etching the other side of said wafer to create second micropores until said second micropores break through to said first micropores,

filling said porous electrolyte support with a phosphoric acid electrolyte,

positioning a cathode electrode in contact with said phosphoric acid electrolyte, and

positioning an anode electrode contacting said phosphoric acid electrolyte.

8. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing a porous silicon electrolyte support.

9. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing a porous alumina electrolyte support.

10. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing a porous glass electrolyte support.

11. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing an electrolyte support made of polymer.

12. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing an anodized metal electrolyte support.

13. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing an insulated metal electrolyte support.

14. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing a ceramic electrolyte support.

15. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing s an insulator electrolyte support.

16. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing a porous silicon electrolyte support having high surface area silicon micropores.

17. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support anisotropically etching one side of an aerogel porous silicon wafer to a depth of up to approximately 425 microns to create first micropores and masking and etching the other side of said aerogel porous silicon wafer to create second micropores until said second micropores break through to said first micropores.

18. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of providing a porous electrolyte support comprises providing a solgel porous silicon electrolyte support.

19. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of filling said porous electrolyte support with a phosphoric acid electrolyte comprises wicking said phosphoric acid electrolyte into said porous electrolyte support.

20. The method of producing a fuel cell of claim 7 wherein said step of filling said porous electrolyte support with a phosphoric acid electrolyte comprises wicking said phosphoric acid electrolyte into said porous electrolyte support by capillary action.