Aldehyde removal
Disclosed are filter elements constructed of a filter support material coated with an acetoacetate-functional polymeric composition that reacts with and removes aldehydes, especially formaldehyde, present in gases such as air. Also disclosed are methods for the removal of aldehydes utilizing the coated filter support materials.
1. A method for the removal of a gaseous aldehyde from a gas which comprises contacting a gas containing a gaseous aldehyde with a filter medium comprising a filter support material comprising fibers or fibrous materials, a polymeric composition containing acetoacetate residues, and a metallic oxidizing agent or oxidation catalyst selected from compounds of Cu (II), Mn (IV), Fe (III), Sn (IV), Co (II), Co (III), Zr (II), Ca (II), VO (II), Al (III), and Cr (III); wherein the polymeric composition is selected from condensation polymers, addition polymers, epoxy resins, polysiloxanes, cellulose and cellulose esters.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the filter medium comprises a filter support material coated with a polymeric composition containing acetoacetate residues, wherein the polymeric composition is selected from polyesters, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols, epoxy resins, polysiloxanes, cellulose, and cellulose esters.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the filter medium comprises fibers or fibrous materials coated with a polymer containing acetoacetate residues.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the polymer is a waterborne polyester comprising the reaction product of (a) from about 60 to about 97 weight percent of a polyester resin having a hydroxyl number of at least 15 containing the residue of one or more hydrophilic monomers and (b) from about 3 to about 40 weight percent of an alkyl acetoacetate or diketene.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the polymer is a waterborne polyester having an hydroxyl number of about 30 to 180, an acid number of about 0 to 100, a number average molecular weight of about 700 to about 5000 and a Tg of about −50 to 30° C. comprising:
(i) about 10 to 40 mol percent of residues of a diol,
(ii) about 2 to 20 mol percent of residues of a polyol,
(iii) about 20 to 40 mol percent of a polyacid,
(iv) 0 to about 10 mol percent of residues of a monofunctional acid, and
(v) about 2 to 10 mol percent of residues of a sulfomonomer,
wherein the mole percents are based on the total moles of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v); and about 3 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the AcAc modified polyester, of acetoacetate residues.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the diol residues comprise residues of neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol or a mixture thereof, the polyol residues comprise trimethylolpropane residues, the polyacid residues comprise residues of isophthalic acid, adipic acid or mixtures thereof, and the sulfomonomer residues comprise the residues of 5-sodiosutfoisophthalic acid.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the polymer is an addition polymer comprising the polymerized residues of ethylenically-unsaturated monomers containing acetoacetate residues.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the polymer is an addition polymer comprising the polymerized residues of ethylenically-unsaturated monomers comprising acrylic, methacrylic acid or a mixtures thereof and at least one monomer selected from 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, 2-acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate, and 2-acetoacetoxypropyl acrylate.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the polymer is an addition polymer comprising polymerized residues of ethylenically-unsaturated monomers comprising about 10 to 80 weight percent, based on the total weight of the monomers, of 2-acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, 2-acetoacetoxyethyl Methacrylate, or mixtures thereof, and about 2 to 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the monomers, of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or mixtures thereof.
10. A method for the removal of a gaseous aldehyde from tobacco smoke containing a gaseous aldehyde which comprises contacting the tobacco smoke with a tobacco smoke filter comprising a filter support material selected from fibers and fibrous material a polymer composition containing acetoacetate residues and a metallic oxidizing agent or oxidation catalyst selected from compounds of Cu (II), Mn (IV), Fe (III), Sn (IV), Co (II), Co (III), Zr (II), Ca (II), VO (II), Al (III), and Cr (III), wherein the polymeric composition is selected from condensation polymers, addition polymers, epoxy resins, polysiloxanes, cellulose and cellulose esters.
11. A method for the removal of a gaseous aldehyde from tobacco smoke containing a gaseous aldehyde which comprises contacting the tobacco smoke with a tobacco smoke filter comprising a filter support material selected from cellulose acetate fibers coated with a metallic oxidizing agent or oxidation catalyst selected from compounds of Cu (II), Mn (IV), Fe (III), Sn (IV), Co (II), Co (III), Zr (II), Ca (II), VO (II), Al (III), and Cr (III), and an acetoacetate (AcAc) modified polyester having an hydroxyl number of about 30 to 180, an acid number of about 0 to 100 and a number average molecular weight of about 700 to about 5000 and a Tg of about −50 to 30° C. comprising:
(i) about 10 to 40 mol percent of residues of a diol,
(ii) about 2 to 20 mol percent of residues of a polyol,
(iii) about 20 to 40 mol percent of a polyacid,
(iv) 0 to about 10 mol percent of residues of a monofunctional acid, and
(v) about 2 to 10 mol percent of residues of a sulfomonomer,
wherein the mole percents are based on the total moles of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v); and about 3 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the AcAc modified polyester, of acetoacetate residues.
12. A method for the removal of a gaseous aldehyde from tobacco smoke containing a gaseous aldehyde which comprises contacting the tobacco smoke with a tobacco smoke filter comprising a filter support material selected from fibers and fibrous material, a polymer composition containing acetoacetate residues and a metallic oxidizing agent or oxidation catalyst selected from compounds of Cu (II), Mn (IV), Fe (III), Sn (IV), Co (II), Co (III), Zr (II), Ca (II), VO (II), Al (III), and Cr (III), wherein the filter support material is selected from cellulose acetate fibers coated with the polymeric composition comprising the polymerized residues of ethylenically-unsaturated monomers comprising about 20 to 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the monomers, 2-acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof and about 4 to 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the monomers, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or mixtures thereof.