Production of olefins from biorenewable feedstocks
A process for producing olefins from a feedstock comprising a petroleum and non-petroleum fraction has been developed. The process comprises first pretreating the feedstock to remove contaminants such as alkali metals and then cracking the purified feedstock in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) zone operated at conditions to provide C 2 -C 5 olefins. Alternatively, the non-petroleum fraction can first be treated and then mixed with petroleum fraction to provide the feedstock which is then catalytically cracked.
1. A process for the catalytic cracking of a feedstock comprising a petroleum fraction and a non-petroleum fraction comprising first treating the feedstock in a pretreatment zone at pretreatment conditions to remove at least a portion of contaminants present in the feedstock and produce an effluent stream; flowing the effluent from the pretreatment zone to a fluid catalytic cracking zone where the effluent is contacted with a cracking catalyst at cracking conditions to provide a product stream comprising C 2 -C 5 olefins and hydrocarbons wherein the pretreatment step is selected from the group consisting of contacting the feedstock with an acidic ion exchange resin or contacting the feedstock with an acid solution.
2. The process of claim 1 where the cracking conditions include a temperature of about 566° C. (1050° F.) to about 630° C. (1166° F.), a pressure of about 138 kPa (20 psia) to about 240 kPa (35 psia) and a catalyst to oil ratio of about 5 to about 20.
3. The process of claim 1 where the effluent is injected into the lift section of the fluid catalytic cracking zone.
4. The process of claim 3 where the temperature in the lift section varies from about 700° C. (1292° F.) to about 760° C. (1400° F.).
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the non-petroleum fraction is selected from the group consisting of canola oil, corn oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, colza oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil, peanut oil, palm oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, inedible oils, inedible tallow, yellow and brown greases, lard, train oil, fats in milk, fish oil, algal oil, sewage sludge, pyrolysis oil, oxygenated liquids derived from the gasification of coal, oxygenated liquids derived from depolymerization, synthetic oils, and mixtures thereof.
6. The process of claim 5 where the inedible oil is jatropha oil.
7. A process for the catalytic cracking of a feedstock comprising a petroleum fraction and a non-petroleum fraction comprising first treating the non-petroleum fraction in a pretreatment zone at pretreatment conditions to remove at least a portion of contaminants present in the non-petroleum fraction and produce a purified non-petroleum stream; mixing the purified non-petroleum stream with a petroleum fraction to provide a feedstock; flowing the feedstock to a fluid catalytic cracking zone where the feedstock is contacted with a cracking catalyst at cracking catalyst at cracking conditions to provide a product stream comprising C 2 -C 5 olefins and hydrocarbons; wherein the pretreatment step is selected from the group consisting of contacting the non-petroleum fraction with an acidic ion exchange resin or contacting the non-petroleum fraction with an acid solution.
8. The process of claim 7 where the cracking conditions include a temperature of about 566° C. (1050° F.) to about 630° C. (1166° F.), a pressure of about 138 kPa (20 psia) to about 240 kPa (35 psia) and a catalyst to oil ratio of about 5 to about 20.
9. The process of claim 7 where the effluent is injected into the lift section of the fluid catalytic cracking zone.
10. The process of claim 9 where the temperature in the lift section varies from about 700° C. (1292° F.) to about 760° C. (1400° F.).
11. The process of claim 7 wherein the non-petroleum fraction is selected from the group consisting of canola oil, corn oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, colza oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil, peanut oil, palm oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, inedible oils, inedible tallow, yellow and brown greases, lard, train oil, fats in milk, fish oil, algal oil, sewage sludge, pyrolysis oil, oxygenated liquids derived from the gasification of coal, oxygenated liquids derived from depolymerization, synthetic oils, and mixtures thereof.
12. The process of claim 11 where the inedible oil is jatropha oil.