Wetting resistant materials and articles made therewith
Ceramic materials with relatively high resistance to wetting by various liquids, such as water, are presented, along with articles made with these materials, methods for making these articles and materials, and methods for protecting articles using coatings made from these materials. One embodiment is an article comprising a material that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one type selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation. The material comprises a primary oxide and a secondary oxide. The primary oxide comprises cerium and hafnium. The secondary oxide comprises a secondary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium. Another embodiment is an article comprising a material that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one type selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation. The material comprises a primary oxide and a secondary oxide. The primary oxide comprises cerium or hafnium. The secondary oxide comprises (i) praseodymium or ytterbium, and (ii) another cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium.
1. An article comprising: a substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate, wherein the coating comprises
a material comprising (i) a primary oxide comprising primary oxide cations, said primary oxide cations comprising cerium and hafnium, and (ii) a secondary oxide comprising a secondary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium;
wherein the material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one type selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation and wherein substantially all of the material within the coating has an overall porosity of lower than about 5 percent by volume.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.95.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.25 to about 0.9.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is about 0.5.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of cerium cations to primary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.99.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of cerium cations to primary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.9.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the secondary oxide comprises a secondary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, praseodymium, ytterbium, and neodymium.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein
a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.25 to about 0.9;
wherein a molar ratio of cerium cations to primary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.9; and
wherein the secondary oxide comprises a secondary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, praseodymium, ytterbium, and neodymium.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a material that is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a window.
11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the material is transparent to visible light.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the material within the coating has a overall porosity of lower than about 1 percent by volume.
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the substantially all of the material within the coating is theoretically dense.
14. The article of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the primary oxide and the secondary oxide are made up of more than one oxide component.
15. The article of claim 14 , wherein the primary oxide comprises S 2 Z 2−x Z′ x O 7±y wherein S denotes all cations of the secondary oxide, Z and Z′ denote a cation of the primary oxide, y is a number less than 1, and x is a number in the range of from about 0.01 to about 1.99.
16. The article of claim 15 , wherein S is lanthanum, Z is cerium and Z′ is hafnium.
17. The article of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises a binary combination of a single primary oxide with a single secondary oxide.
18. The article of claim 17 , wherein the primary oxide comprises cerium oxide and the secondary oxide comprises lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide or neodymium oxide.