Cold work steel and manufacturing method thereof
A cold work steel has the following chemical composition in weight-%: 1.25-1.75% (C+N), however at least 0.5% C 0.1-1.5% Si 0.1-1.5% Mn 4.0-5.5% Cr 2.5-4.5% (Mo+W/2), however max. 0.5% W 3.0-4.5% (V+Nb/2), however max. 0.5% Nb max 0.3% S balance iron and unavoidable impurities, and a microstructure which in the hardened and tempered condition of the steel contains 6-13 vol-% of vanadium-rich MX-carbides, -nitrides and/or carbonitrides which are evenly distributed in the matrix of the steel, where X is carbon and/or nitrogen, at least 90 vol-% of said carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides having an equivalent diameter, D eq , which is smaller than 3.0 μm; and totally max. 1 vol-% of other, possibly existing carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides.
1. A method for producing cold work steel, comprising:
via a melt metallurgical technique, creating a molten steel with a weight-% composition comprising
1.25-1.75 (C+N), wherein C is a minimum of 0.5,
0.1-1.5 Si,
0.1-1.5 Mn,
4.5-5.5 Cr,
2.5-4.25 (Mo+W/2), wherein W is a maximum of 0.5,
3.0-4.5 (V+Nb/2), wherein Nb is a maximum of 0.5,
a maximum of 0.3 S, and
a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
manufacturing a powder from the molten steel via nitrogen gas atomization of a stream of the molten steel;
filling a metal sheet capsule with the powder;
hot isostatic pressing the capsule, at a predetermined hot isostatic pressing temperature and a predetermined hot isostatic pressing pressure, to create a consolidated body;
wherein the consolidated body contains 6-13 vol-% vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides, which are evenly distributed in the matrix of the steel, with X being C and/or N,
wherein at least 90 vol-% of said vanadium rich MX carbides nitrides, and/or carbonitrides have an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 3.0 μm, and a total maximum of 1 vol-% of other carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined hot isostatic pressing temperature is between 950-1200° C. and the predetermined hot isostatic pressing pressure is between 90-150 MPa.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined hot isostatic pressing temperature is about 1150° C. and the predetermined hot isostatic pressing pressure is about 100 MPa.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
hot working the consolidated body at a predetermined hot working temperature;
hardening the consolidated body at a predetermined hardening temperature to produce a hardening; and
tempering the consolidated body at a predetermined tempering temperature to produce a tempering of the consolidated body.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the predetermined hot working temperature is between 1050-1150° C.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the predetermined hot working temperature is about 1100° C.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the predetermined hardening temperature is between about 940-1150° C.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the predetermined hardening temperature is below about 1100° C.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the predetermined hardening temperature is between about 1000-1040° C.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined hardening temperature is about 1020° C.
11. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tempering is performed twice at a retention time of about 2 hours each time.
12. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tempering of the consolidated body is performed as a high temperature tempering to produce a secondary hardening of the consolidated body at a predetermined high temperature tempering temperature.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the predetermined high temperature tempering umiperature is between 500-560° C.
14. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tempering of the consolidated body is performed as a low temperature tempering to produce a tempering of the consolidated body at a predetermined low temperature tempering temperature.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the predetermined low temperature tempering temperature is between 200-250° C.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 90 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.5 μm.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 90 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.0 μm.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 98 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 3.0 μm.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 98 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.5 μm.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 98 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.0 μm.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 99 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 3.0 μm.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 99 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.5 μm.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the consolidated body contains at least 99 vol-% of vanadium rich carbides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.0 μm.
24. A powder metallurgy manufactured cold work steel, comprising:
1.25-1.75 weight-% (C+N), wherein C is a minimum of 0.5 weight-%;
0.1-1.5 weight-% Si;
0.1-1.5 weight-% Mn;
4.5-5.5 weight-% Cr;
2.5-4.25 weight-% (Mo+W/2), wherein W is a maximum of 0.5 weight-%;
3.0-4.5 weight-% (V+Nb/2), wherein Nb is a maximum of 0.5 weight-%;
a maximum of 0.3 weight-% S;
a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; and
a microstructure which in a hardened and tempered condition of the steel contains 0.3-0.7 weight-% C in solid solution, and 6-13 vol-% vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides, which are evenly distributed in the matrix of the steel, with X being C and/or N;
wherein at least 90 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides, have an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 3.0 μm, and
wherein a total maximum of 1 vol-% of other carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides in the microstructure other than the vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonnitrides are present.
25. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel, in a hardened condition, consists essentially of martensite, which contains 0.3-0.7 weight-% C in solid solution.
26. The steel of claim 25 , wherein the martensite comprises 0.4-0.6 weight-% C in solid solution.
27. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises 1.35-1.60 weight-% (C+N).
28. The steel of claim 27 , wherein the steel comprises 1.45-1.50 weight-% (C+N).
29. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises 0.1-1.2 weight-% Si.
30. The steel of claim 29 , wherein the steel comprises 0.2-0.9 weight-% Si.
31. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises 0.1-1.3 weight-% Mn.
32. The steel of claim 31 , wherein the steel comprises 0.1-0.9 weight-% Mn.
33. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises 4.5-5.2 weight-% Cr.
34. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises 3.0-4.0 weight-% (Mo+W/2).
35. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises a maximum 0.3 weight-% W.
36. The steel of claim 35 , wherein the steel comprises a maximum 0.1 weight-% W.
37. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises 3.4-4.0 weight-% (V+Nb/2).
38. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises a maximum 0.3 weight-% Nb.
39. The steel of claim 24 , wherein the steel comprises a maximum 0.12 weight-% N.
40. The steel of claim 24 , wherein, at least 90 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.5 μm.
41. The steel of claim 40 , wherein at least 90 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.0 μm.
42. The steel of claim 24 , wherein at least 98 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 3.0 μm.
43. The steel of claim 42 , wherein at least 98 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.5 μm.
44. The steel of claim 43 , wherein at least 98 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.0 μm.
45. The steel of claim 24 , wherein at least 99 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 3.0 μm.
46. The steel of claim 45 , wherein at least 99 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.5 μm.
47. The steel of claim 46 , wherein at least 99 vol-% of said vanadium-rich MX carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides with an equivalent diameter, D eq , that is smaller than 2.0 μm.