Apparatus for manufacture of an insulated microwire
Insulated electrically conductive continuous fibers or microwires of sizes on the order of 1 mil (25 microns) diameter, so as to be suitable for processing into yarns or multi-microwire bundles, for example, for incorporation into conformable fabric products or for use as wearable electronic circuitry are made by coprocessing a core of a lower-melting-point metal within a sheath of a higher-melting-point polymer.
1. Apparatus for formation of an insulated microwire comprising a conductive metallic central filament within an insulative polymer resin sheath, comprising:
generally tubular elongated inner and outer crucibles, for receiving said metal and resin respectively,
devices for heating the metal and polymer resin in said crucibles to respective desired temperatures,
said inner and outer crucibles being mounted vertically with said inner crucible being mounted within
said outer crucible, said outer crucible having a resin inlet opening at its upper end and a cylindrical resin discharge passage at its lower end,
wherein the lower end of the outer crucible defines a frustoconical inner surface, having the cylindrical resin discharge passage disposed at the lowest central portion thereof, said cylindrical resin discharge passage terminating at a resin discharge aperture,
wherein said generally tubular elongate inner crucible comprises a upper body and a tip affixed to the lower end of the upper body, said upper body having a metal inlet opening at its upper end, wherein said tip defines an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface thereof comprising a upper portion of a first larger diameter conforming generally to the outer diameter of said upper body portion of said inner crucible, an intermediate portion, and a elongated lower nipple of a second smaller diameter having a metal discharge aperture therein,
an adjustment device for controllably varying the relative axial positions of the inner and outer crucibles, and
wherein the length of the elongated lower nipple is longer than the cylindrical resin discharge passage, so that the relative axial positions of said inner and outer crucibles can be adjusted, so as to define the relative location of the resin discharge aperture of the outer crucible with respect to the metal discharge aperture in the lower end of said nipple, without variation in the cross-sectional area of the resin flow passage formed therebetween, whereby
a fiber comprising a central filament of said metal surrounded by a sheath of said resin can be drawn from the lower apertures of said inner and outer crucibles.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a takeup reel for winding a microwire comprising a metallic filament in a polymer resin sheath, such that said fiber is drawn down from an initial diameter to a final diameter, whereby the relative rate of takeup of said microwire with respect to the rate of discharge of said fiber determines the diameter of said microwire.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , comprising a further heating device for applying further heat to the fiber after it has been drawn from the lower apertures of said inner and outer crucibles so as to enable the fiber to be drawn down further.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the further heat is applied to the fiber and it is further drawn down after initial drawing and spooling steps have been performed.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said intermediate portion of the outer surface of said tip comprises an elongated portion of generally constant diameter, and comprises smoothly-curved sections connecting the upper end of said elongated portion to the upper portion of the outside surface of said tip and the lower end of said elongated portion to said nipple, respectively.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the inner surface of said inner crucible conforms generally to the outer surface thereof.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an automated device for inspecting the fiber as it is drawn.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising an automated device, responsive to said automated device for inspecting the fiber as it is drawn, for controlling the level of metal in said inner crucible.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an automated device for monitoring and controlling the level of metal in said inner crucible.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a heater for maintaining the temperature of the metal in said inner crucible and of the resin in the outer crucible at predetermined levels.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least the inner surface of said inner crucible is coated with a material chosen to improve the flowing characteristics of the metal.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said material is chosen from the group consisting of nickel and polytetraflouoroethylene.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the material of said inner crucible is stainless steel and a nickel coating is applied by electroless plating.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising apparatus for supply of a non-oxidizing gas to the inner crucible above the level of metal therein.