Silicon feedstock for solar cells
The silicon feedstock for solar cells is made from metallurgical grade silicon by the successive steps of treating the silicon with a calcium-silicate slag, solidifying the treated silicon, leaching the solid silicon with acid, remelting the leached silicon, resolidifying the remelted silicon into an ingot, removing the upper part of the ingot and then crushing and sizing.
1. A method for the production of a solar grade silicon feedstock from a metallurgical grade silicon comprising:
a) treating a molten, metallurgical grade silicon produced in an electric arc furnace by carbothermic reduction and containing up to 300 ppma boron and up to 100 ppma phosphorus with a calcium-silicate slag to reduce the boron content of the silicon to between 0.2 and 10 ppma;
b) solidifying the treated silicon obtained from step a);
c) leaching the solidified silicon obtained from step b) in at least one leaching step by an acid leach solution to remove impurities;
d) melting the leached silicon obtained from step c) to form molten silicon;
e) solidifying the molten silicon obtained from step d) by directional solidification to form a solid ingot; and
f) removing an upper part of the solid ingot obtained from step e) where p-type changes to n-type, to provide a silicon ingot containing 0.2 to 10 ppma boron and 0.1 to 10 ppma phosphorus.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
crushing the silicon ingot after the upper part has been removed.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
crushing and sizing the silicon ingot after the upper part has been removed.
4. A method for the production of a solar grade silicon feedstock from a metallurgical grade silicon comprising:
a) treating a molten, metallurgical grade silicon produced in an electric arc furnace by carbothermic reduction and containing up to 300 ppma boron and up to 100 ppma phosphorus with a calcium-silicate slag to reduce the boron content of the silicon to between 0.2 and 10 ppma;
b) solidifying the treated silicon obtained from step a);
c) leaching the solidified silicon obtained from step b) in at least one leaching step by an acid leach solution to remove impurities;
d) melting the leached silicon obtained from step c) to form molten silicon;
e) solidifying the molten silicon obtained from step d) by directional solidification to form a solid ingot; and
f) removing an upper part of the solid ingot obtained from step e) where n-type changes to p-type, to provide a silicon ingot containing 0.2 to 10 ppma boron and 0.1 to 10 ppma phosphorus.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
crushing the silicon ingot after the upper part has been removed.
6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
crushing and sizing the silicon ingot after the upper part has been removed.