Electrowetting device with polymer electrode
The invention concerns an electrowetting optical device comprising a chamber ( 15 ) comprising first and second immiscible liquids ( 16, 18 ) contacting each other at a liquid-liquid interface ( 19 ), the first liquid being an insulating liquid and the second liquid being a conducting liquid; a first electrode ( 20 ) in the contact with the second liquid; and a second electrode ( 202 ) insulated from the first and second liquids by an insulating layer, wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive molded polymer material, wherein the curvature of said liquid-liquid interface is controllable by application of a voltage between said first and second electrodes.
1. An electrowetting optical device comprising:
a chamber comprising a first immiscible liquid and a second immiscible liquid contacting each other at a liquid-liquid interface, wherein the first immiscible liquid is an insulating liquid and the second immiscible liquid is a conducting liquid;
a first electrode in contact with the second immiscible liquid; and
a second electrode insulated from the first immiscible liquid and the second immiscible liquid by an insulating layer, wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive molded polymer material, wherein curvature of the liquid-liquid interface is controllable by application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein the conductive molded polymer material has a Water Vapour Transmission below 0.15 g.mm/m 2 .day.
2. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is formed of a copolymer material comprising an intrinsically conductive polymer.
3. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive molded polymer material is made conductive by an introduction of conductive particles.
4. The electrowetting optical device of claim 3 , wherein the conductive molded polymer material is a thermo plastic polymer.
5. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive molded polymer material is a thermosetting polymer.
6. The electrowetting optical device of claim 3 , wherein the conductive molded polymer material comprises particles of carbon.
7. The electrowetting optical device of claim 6 , wherein the conductive molded polymer material comprises carbon nanotubes.
8. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is injection molded.
9. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode has a conductivity in the range of 10 4 to 10 7 Ohm.cm.
10. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises a plurality of contact points, wherein each of the plurality of contact points is configured to receive an independent voltage for controlling different parts of the liquid-liquid interface.
11. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein a body comprises the second electrode and a molded non-conductive polymer part.
12. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , comprising a cap and a body separated by a gasket, wherein the second electrode forms at least a part of the body.
13. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , arranged to provide, upon application of at least one independent voltage, at least one function selected from a group consisting of variable focus, variable tilt, and variable astigmatism.
14. The electrowetting optical device of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises a conical surface arranged to contact an edge of the liquid-liquid interface.
15. An optical apparatus comprising:
an image sensor for capturing an image;
a lens arrangement arranged to form the image on the image sensor, wherein the lens arrangement comprising an optical device, wherein the optical device comprises:
a chamber comprising a first immiscible liquid and a second immiscible liquid contacting each other at a liquid-liquid interface, wherein the first immiscible liquid is an insulating liquid and the second immiscible liquid is a conducting liquid;
a first electrode in contact with the second immiscible liquid; and
a second electrode insulated from the first immiscible liquid and the second immiscible liquid by an insulating layer, wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive molded polymer material, wherein curvature of the liquid-liquid interface is controllable by application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein the conductive molded polymer material has a Water Vapour Transmission below 0.15 g.mm/m 2 .day; and
driving circuitry configured to generate at least one voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
16. The optical apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising:
a motion detector for detecting motion of the optical apparatus, wherein the optical device is arranged to shift the image formed on the image sensor in response to a motion detected by the motion detector.
17. The optical apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the driving circuitry is configured to:
generate a first oscillating voltage of a first frequency, wherein the first frequency is applied between the first electrode and a first contact of the second electrode, and
generate a second oscillating voltage of a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is different than the first frequency, and wherein the second frequency is applied between the first electrode and a second contact of the second electrode.
18. A mobile telephone comprising an optical apparatus, the optical apparatus comprising:
an image sensor for capturing an image;
a lens arrangement arranged to form the image on the image sensor, wherein the lens arrangement comprising an optical device, wherein the optical device comprises:
a chamber comprising a first immiscible liquid and a second immiscible liquid contacting each other at a liquid-liquid interface, wherein the first immiscible liquid is an insulating liquid and the second immiscible liquid is a conducting liquid;
a first electrode in contact with the second immiscible liquid; and
a second electrode insulated from the first immiscible liquid and the second immiscible liquid by an insulating layer, wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive molded polymer material, wherein curvature of the liquid-liquid interface is controllable by application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein the conductive molded polymer material has a Water Vapour Transmission below 0.15 g.mm/m 2 .day; and
driving circuitry arranged to generate at least one voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
19. A digital camera comprising the optical apparatus, the optical apparatus comprising:
an image sensor for capturing an image;
a lens arrangement arranged to form the image on the image sensor, wherein the lens arrangement comprising an optical device, wherein the optical device comprises:
a chamber comprising a first immiscible liquid and a second immiscible liquid contacting each other at a liquid-liquid interface, wherein the first immiscible liquid is an insulating liquid and the second immiscible liquid is a conducting liquid;
a first electrode in contact with the second immiscible liquid; and
a second electrode insulated from the first immiscible liquid and the second immiscible liquid by an insulating layer, wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive molded polymer material, wherein curvature of the liquid-liquid interface is controllable by application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein the conductive molded polymer material has a Water Vapour Transmission below 0.15 g.mm/m 2 .day; and
driving circuitry arranged to generate at least one voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
20. A process for forming the electrowetting optical device comprising:
forming a second electrode by molding the polymer material using a mold, wherein the electrowetting optical device comprises:
a chamber comprising a first immiscible liquid and a second immiscible liquid contacting each other at a liquid-liquid interface, wherein the first immiscible liquid is an insulating liquid and the second immiscible liquid is a conducting liquid;
a first electrode in contact with the second immiscible liquid; and
a second electrode insulated from the first immiscible liquid and the second immiscible liquid by an insulating layer, wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive molded polymer material, wherein curvature of the liquid-liquid interface is, controllable by application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein the conductive molded polymer material has a Water Vapour Transmission below 0.15 g.mm/m 2 .day.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein forming the second electrode by molding the conductive molded polymer material comprises injection molding the second electrode.