Polysaccharide based network and method for the production thereof
The production of polysaccharide networks, especially starch networks, having a high network density, high solidity, a low swelling degree, and exhibiting reduced water absorption and to the uses thereof, especially, in the field of biodegradable plastics.
1. A method for the production of a polysaccharide-based network, the method comprising:
forming a polysaccharide-based network from a total mixture of components comprising at least one basic polysaccharide and at least one networking polysaccharide by one of homocrystallization and heterocrystallization, wherein the components are prepared separately and individually, wherein the basic polysaccharide is plasticized, the networking polysaccharide is dissolved, and the components are mixed in a molecular disperse fashion, wherein the method comprises the following steps in at least one process zone:
a) supplying a basic polysaccharide;
b) adding a first softener to the basic polysaccharide to plasticize the basic polysaccharide to obtain a first fluid;
c) dissolving a networking polysaccharide to obtain a second fluid by the action of a second softener, wherein in step c) the second fluid is overheated, a softener content WM d of the networking polysaccharide is in the range 40-99 wt.-%, a pressure p is identical to the water vapor pressure p w (T) at the respective temperature, a duration Δt d of the dissolving is in the range 5 sec-7 min, a heating rate v d is in the range 1-300° C./min, an overheating temperature T LÜ is in the range 80-260° C. and a pH of the networking polysaccharide is in the range 5-12;
d) supercooling the second fluid to obtain a third fluid, wherein the softener content WM d of the networking polysaccharide is in the range 40-99 wt.-%, a pressure p is identical to a water vapor pressure p w (T) at the respective temperature, a duration Δt e of the supercooling is in the range 5 sec-7 min, a cooling rate v e is in the range 5-300° C./min, a temperature T L1 is in the range 0° C. to 0.9 T LÜ and a pH of the networking polysaccharide is in the range 5-12;
e) incorporating the third fluid from step d) into the first fluid from step b);
f) combining the fluids from steps b) and d) into a total mixture to form a polysaccharide network after steps a) to f) have been completed, wherein a shear velocity G d in the steps c) and/or d) and e) is in the range from 10/s to 100,000/s.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in at least one of steps d) to f) a softener is removed at least partly actively from the method.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in at least one of steps a) to f) a foreign nucleating agent is supplied at least once.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) shortly before step e) the third fluid containing networking polysaccharide is treated with ultrasound.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one additive is supplied to the method in at least one of steps a) to f).
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the basic polysaccharide contains a basic starch and the networking polysaccharide contains a networking starch.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the softener content WM 0 of the networks after production without subsequent drying in wt. % is in the range 10%-83%.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein WM 0 is in the range 10%-73%.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein WM 0 is in the range 10%-63%.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein WM 0 is in the range 10%-53%.
11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein WM 0 is in the range of 10%-40%.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after step f) and before, during or after forming a polysaccharide network, a step g) is carried out to form the total mixture, and wherein during step g) a specific admixture is added to the polysaccharide network.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein a step g 1 ) follows polysaccharide network formation or step g) or takes place with step g) wherein the polysaccharide network is completely or partly cross-linked and is modified by heat treatment.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide network is formed by homocrystallizsation between macromolecules of the at least one networking polysaccharide among one another and/or by heterocrystallization between these respective macromolecules and macromolecules of the at least one basic polysaccharide.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after step f) and before the network formation, a softener is removed at least partly actively from the method.
16. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the heat treatment is combined with a variation of the softener content WM 0 .
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the heat treatment is combined with a variation of the water content.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the polysaccharide network is dried.
19. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the polysaccharide network is modified by heat treatment in combination with a variation of the softener content WM 0 .
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the variation of the softener content is a variation of the water content.
21. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the polysaccharide network is dried.