System and process for making hydrogen from a hydrocarbon stream
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of pure hydrogen by steam reforming. The process integrates the steam reforming and shift reaction to produce pure hydrogen with minimal production of CO and virtually no CO in the hydrogen stream, provides for CO 2 capture for sequestration, employs a steam reforming membrane reactor, and is powered by heat from the convection section of a heater.
1. A process for producing hydrogen in a steam methane reformation system that includes a heater having a convection section, wherein said process comprises:
combusting a fuel source with said heater to generate a flue gas;
passing said flue gas through a membrane reformer unit positioned within said convection section of said heater to raise the temperature of said membrane reformer unit to a desired temperature, wherein said membrane reformer unit comprises: a reaction tube having a reaction tube length, and a membrane tube having a membrane tube length and a membrane tube wall, wherein said membrane tube comprises a porous metal substrate and a hydrogen-selective membrane, wherein said hydrogen-selective membrane overlies said porous metal substrate, wherein said reaction tube is positioned external to and surrounding said membrane tube thereby defining a reaction zone along said membrane tube length, wherein said reaction zone is packed with a reaction catalyst, wherein said reaction tube and said membrane tube are operatively connected so as to provide a reaction tube inlet, a reaction tube outlet, a membrane tube inlet and a membrane tube outlet;
introducing a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam into said reaction tube inlet;
removing carbon dioxide from said reaction tube outlet; and
removing hydrogen from said membrane tube outlet.
2. The process for producing hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein said reaction catalyst is a nickel catalyst, said hydrogen-selective membrane includes palladium or any alloy thereof, and said fuel is any vaporizable hydrocarbon gas or hydrocarbon liquid.
3. The process for producing hydrogen of claim 2 , wherein the temperature of the flue gas is in the range of from about 940° C. to about 1100° C.
4. The process for producing hydrogen of claim 3 , wherein said desired temperature is in the range of from about 350° C. to about 650° C.