Apparatus for water treatment and method of treating water
An apparatus for water treatment which comprises a means of removing ingredients contained in water and a means of adsorbing ions with a porous molding as an adsorbent, wherein the porous molding comprises fibrils comprising an organic polymer resin and an inorganic ion adsorbent. The fibrils form interconnecting pores open to the outer surface and have voids in inner parts thereof, at least part of the voids being open to the surface of the fibrils. The inorganic ion adsorbent has been deposited on the outer surface of the fibrils and on the surface of the voids in the fibrils.
1. An apparatus for water treatment comprising:
means for removing ingredients contained in water; and
means for adsorbing ions with a porous formed article as an adsorbent, wherein
the porous formed article comprises a fibril containing an organic polymer resin, and an inorganic ion adsorbing material;
the fibril forms a three-dimensional network structure;
the fibril forms communicating pores opening at an outer surface of the article and has inner cavities, each of which cavities opens at the surface of the fibril through at least a part of the each cavity; and
the inorganic ion adsorbing material is supported on the outer surface of the fibril and on the surface of inner cavities of the fibril.
2. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the porous formed article has a layer having a maximum pore diameter of a communicating pore in the vicinity of the surface of the formed article.
3. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer resin comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-vinylalcohol copolymer (EVOH), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulphone (PS) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF).
4. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein
the inorganic ion adsorbing material comprises at least one of metallic oxides represented by the following formula (I):
MN x O n .m H 2 O (I)
wherein x is 0 to 3; n is 1 to 4; m is 0 to 6; and M and N are different from each other, and is a metallic element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Sn, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Al Si, Cr, Co, Ga, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Ge, Nb and Ta.
5. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 4 , wherein the metallic oxide represented by the formula (I) is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the following groups (a) to (c):
(a) hydrated titanium oxide, hydrated zirconium oxide, hydrated tin oxide, hydrated cerium oxide, hydrated lanthanum oxide and hydrated yttrium oxide;
(b) a multiple metallic oxide of a metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, tin, cerium, lanthanum and yttrium and a metallic element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon and iron; and
(c) activated alumina.
6. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the fibril comprises the organic polymer resin, the inorganic ion adsorbing material and a water-soluble polymer.
7. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the means for removing ingredients contained in water is a combination of biological treatment means and sludge separating means.
8. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 7 , wherein the biological treatment means comprises two or more aeration tanks.
9. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 7 , wherein the biological treatment means comprises an aeration tank in which a biofilm carrier is immersed.
10. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 9 , wherein the biofilm carrier comprises a core material and a fiber-like material partially fixed to the core material, and the fiber-like material thickly grows around the core material.
11. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 10 , wherein the core material has a helical shape.
12. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 10 , wherein the fiber-like material is polyvinylidene chloride.
13. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 7 , wherein the sludge separating means is a membrane separation apparatus having a sedimentation tank and/or a separation membrane.
14. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 13 , wherein the separation membrane of the membrane separation apparatus comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulphone (PS), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
15. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 13 , wherein a form of the separation membrane is a hollow fiber form.
16. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 13 , wherein the separation membrane is a membrane cartridge prepared by adhering and fixing both ends of a plurality of hollow fibers vertically arranged, and has a cartridge head liquid-tightly adhered and fixed to an outer circumference of a first end part and a skirt fixed to an outer circumference of a second end part; the cartridge head is separated from the skirt; an end part of the hollow fiber of the side of the cartridge head is opened; a hollow part of an end part of the hollow fiber of the side of the skirt is sealed; and a plurality of through holes are formed in an adhesive fixing layer of the side of the skirt.
17. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 7 , further comprising sludge solubilizing means.
18. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 17 , wherein the sludge solubilizing means is at least one selected from a mechanical cell destructive method, an ultrasonic method, an ozone method, a hydrothermal oxidation method, a chemical agent adding method and a thermophile method.
19. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the means for removing ingredients contained in water is precipitation-sedimentation treatment means.
20. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 19 , further comprising means for returning desorption drainage containing ions, to be removed, the ions generated in regenerating the porous formed article used in the means for adsorbing ions, to the precipitation-sedimentation treatment means.
21. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the means for removing ingredients contained in water is demineralization treatment means.
22. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the means for removing ingredients contained in water is direct purifying means.
23. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus for water treatment has means for separating and removing suspended solids in water, said means installed in a previous stage of the means for adsorbing ions.
24. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein said means for adsorbing ions is a plurality of means for adsorbing ions connected in series and is of a merry-go-round system.
25. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 24 , wherein ion directing means for monitoring a concentration of ions in treatment water is installed in the means for adsorbing ions of the initial stage.
26. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus for water treatment has means for crystallizing desorbed ions from a desorption solution brought in contact with the porous formed article used in the means for adsorbing ions, and solid-liquid separation means for a crystallized substance.
27. The apparatus for water treatment according to claim 26 , further comprising means for cooling the desorption solution.
28. A method of treating water comprising:
a step of removing ingredients contained in water; and
an ion adsorption treatment step of using a porous formed article as an adsorbent, wherein
the porous formed article comprises a fibril containing an organic polymer resin, and an inorganic ion adsorbing material;
the fibril forms a three-dimensional network structure;
the fibril forms communicating pores opening at an outer surface of the article and has inner cavities, each of which cavities opens at the surface of the fibril through at least a part of the each cavity; and
the inorganic ion adsorbing material is supported on the outer surface of the fibril and on the surface of the inner cavities of the fibril.
29. The method of treating water according to claim 28 , wherein the step of removing ingredients contained in water is a combination of a biological treatment step and a sludge separating step.
30. The method of treating water according to claim 29 , further comprising a sludge solubilizing step.
31. The method of treating water according to claim 28 , wherein the step of removing ingredients contained in water is a demineralization treatment step.
32. The method of treating water according to claim 28 , wherein the step of removing ingredients contained in water is a precipitation-sedimentation treatment step.
33. The method of treating water according to claim 32 , further comprising the step of returning desorption drainage containing ions to be removed, the ions generated in regenerating the porous formed article used in the ion adsorption treatment step, to the precipitation-sedimentation treatment step.
34. The method of treating water according to claim 28 , wherein the step of removing ingredients contained in water is a direct purifying step.