Sorbents for coal combustion
Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.
1. A method for reducing emissions of sulfur and/or other harmful elements arising from combustion of coal in a coal burning facility, the method comprising:
applying a sorbent composition comprising calcium and bromine onto coal;
burning the coal containing the calcium and bromine sorbent composition to produce ash and combustion gases;
measuring a level of sulfur in the combustion gases; and
adjusting the level of calcium added onto the coal based on the measured level of sulfur.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein 90% of the mercury in the coal is captured in the ash to prevent its release into the environment.
3. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising adjusting the level of bromine added to the coal up or down or leaving the level of bromine unchanged, depending on the level of mercury measured in the combustion gases.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises calcium bromide.
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an aqueous solution containing 5-60% by weight calcium bromide.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an inorganic salt containing bromine.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an organic bromine compound.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium bisulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium nitrite, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, or calcium hydrogen phosphate.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises a calcium mineral.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an organic calcium compound.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises a basic powder containing calcium.
12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the basic powder is selected from portland cement, cement kiln dust, and lime kiln dust.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises an aluminosilicate clay.
14. A method for reducing the amount of sulfur gases released into the atmosphere from burning coal in the furnace of a coal burning plant, comprising
adding a sorbent to the coal prior to combustion;
delivering the coal into a furnace;
burning the coal in the furnace to produce ash and flue gases;
removing ash from the flue gas by capturing the ash in a particulate removal system disposed in a convective pathway of the plant downstream of the furnace; and
measuring the level of sulfur gases in the flue gas;
wherein the sorbent comprises calcium bromide and the captured ash contains 70% or more by weight of the mercury present in the coal being burned.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the coal is lignite coal.
16. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the coal is bituminous coal.
17. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the coal is anthracite coal.
18. A method according to claim 14 , further comprising controlling the rate of the sorbent addition based on the level of sulfur gases determined in the flue gas.
19. A method according to claim 14 , comprising adding 0.01-10% by weight of sorbent based on the amount of coal being consumed.
20. A method according to claim 14 , comprising adding 0.1-1% by weight of sorbent based on the amount of coal being consumed.
21. A method according to claim 14 , comprising adding about 0.3% by weight of sorbent based on the amount of coal being consumed.
22. A method according to claim 14 , comprising adding an aqueous solution of calcium bromide onto the coal.
23. A method according to claim 22 , comprising delivering the coal to the furnace while the coal is still wet from addition of the aqueous solution.
24. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the sorbent further comprises at least 2% by weight of silica and at least 2% by weight of alumina.
25. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the sorbent comprises at least one of cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, and portland cement.
26. A method according to claim 25 , wherein the sorbent further comprises aluminosilicate clay.
27. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the captured ash contains 90% or more by weight of the mercury present in the coal being burned.