Method for creating perfusable microvessel systems
A method for creating networks of perfusable microvessels in vitro. A mandrel is drawn through a matrix to form a channel through the matrix. Cells are injected into the channel. The matrix is incubated to allow the cells to attach inside the channel. The channel is perfused to remove unattached cells to create a parent vessel, where the parent vessel includes a perfusable hollow channel lined with cells in the matrix. The parent vessel is induced to create sprouts into the surrounding matrix gel so as to form a microvessel network. The microvessel network is subjected to luminal perfusion through the parent vessel.
1. A method for creating networks of perfusable microvessels in vitro, said method comprising:
first drawing a mandrel through a matrix to form a channel through the matrix;
next injecting endothelial cells into the channel;
next incubating the matrix to allow the endothelial cells to attach inside the channel;
next perfusing the channel to remove unattached endothelial cells to create a parent vessel within the channel, where the parent vessel includes a perfusable hollow channel lined with endothelial cells in the matrix;
adding stimuli to induce the parent vessel to create sprouts into the surrounding matrix so as to form a microvessel network; and
subjecting the at least one parent vessel and sprouts to luminal perfusion, thereby forming a network of perfusable microvessels.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein more than one channel is formed by a plurality of mandrels and at least two parent vessels are induced to create sprouts that anastomose to form a microvessel network between the at least two parent vessels.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein perfusing the channel employs at least one of a perfusate comprising oxygenated cell growth medium free of serum and angiogenic or angiostatic substances, an oxygenated cell growth medium supplemented with serum, at least one of angiogenesis influencing compounds, an oxygenated physiological salt solution, oxygenated blood, blood components, blood substitutes, an un-oxygenated perfusate where oxygenation of the system is achieved by diffusion through the matrix, at least one of angiogenic and angiostatic compounds added to a perfusate, and at least one of angiogenic and angiostatic compounds in the matrix.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells comprise genetically modified cells that release products into a perfusate or into the matrix.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises material selected from the group consisting of fibrin, collagen, gelatin, gelled basement membrane, agar, agarose, alginate, basement membrane proteins, silica gel, cells and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein cells are deposited into the matrix channel by at least a selected one method of prior attachment to the mandrel, by injection into the matrix channel after withdrawal of the mandrel, and by a combination of prior attachment to the mandrel and also by injection into the matrix.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mandrel is removed from the matrix by at least a selected one method of extraction and decomposition.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a fragment of healthy or diseased tissue is embedded into the matrix.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a fragment of cancer tissue is embedded into the matrix.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein a fluid perfusate is re-routed through the capillaries by decreasing the flow into one parent vessel, and increasing the resistance in a second parent vessel that is connected to the first one by one or more sprouts so that the perfusate is driven from the vessel with higher pressure to the vessel with lower pressure.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the mandrels comprise tubes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein cells selected from the group consisting of smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and stem cells are added to the endothelial cells.