Magnetic random access memory with dual spin torque reference layers
A magnetic data storage cell, applicable to spin-torque random access memory (ST-RAM), is disclosed. A magnetic cell includes first and second fixed magnetic layers and a free magnetic layer positioned between the fixed magnetic layers. The magnetic cell also includes terminals configured for providing a spin-polarized current through the magnetic layers. The first fixed magnetic layer has a magnetization direction that is substantially parallel to the easy axis of the free magnetic layer, and the second fixed magnetic layer has a magnetization direction that is substantially orthogonal to the easy axis of the free magnetic layer. The dual fixed magnetic layers provide enhanced spin torque in writing to the free magnetic layer, thereby reducing the required current and reducing the feature size of magnetic data storage cells, and increasing the data storage density of magnetic spin torque data storage.
1. A magnetic cell comprising:
a first fixed magnetic layer;
a second fixed magnetic layer; and
a free magnetic layer positioned between the first and second fixed magnetic layers;
wherein the magnetic cell defines a perpendicular orientation that is perpendicular to the layers and a diametrical orientation that is planar with the layers, and the magnetization direction of the first fixed magnetic layer and the easy axis of the free magnetic layer are oriented in the perpendicular orientation, and the magnetization direction of the second fixed magnetic layer is oriented in the diametrical orientation.
2. The magnetic cell of claim 1 , wherein the first fixed magnetic layer has a magnetization direction that is substantially parallel to an easy axis of the free magnetic layer, and the second fixed magnetic layer has a magnetization direction that is substantially orthogonal to the easy axis of the free magnetic layer.
3. The magnetic cell of claim 1 , further comprising a non-magnetic and electrically insulating interlayer between the first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a non-magnetic and electrically conducting interlayer between the second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
4. The magnetic cell of claim 1 , further comprising a tunneling magnetoresistance interlayer disposed between the first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a giant magnetoresistance interlayer between the second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
5. The magnetic cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic cell is configured to apply a first spin torque to a first side of the free magnetic layer and a second spin torque to a second side of the free magnetic layer, wherein the first spin torque is substantially orthogonal to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer and the second spin torque is substantially antiparallel to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer.
6. The magnetic cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic cell is a spin torque random access memory cell.
7. A magnetic cell comprising:
a first fixed magnetic layer;
a second fixed magnetic layer; and
a free magnetic layer positioned between the first and second fixed magnetic layers;
wherein the magnetic cell defines a perpendicular orientation that is perpendicular to the layers and a diametrical orientation that is planar with the layers, and the magnetization direction of the first fixed magnetic layer is oriented in the perpendicular orientation, and the magnetization direction of the second fixed magnetic layer and the easy axis of the free magnetic layer are oriented in the diametrical orientation.
8. The magnetic cell of claim 7 , further comprising a non-magnetic and electrically insulating interlayer between the first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a non-magnetic and electrically conducting interlayer between the second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
9. The magnetic cell of claim 7 , further comprising a tunneling magnetoresistance interlayer disposed between the first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a giant magnetoresistance interlayer between the second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
10. The magnetic cell of claim 7 , wherein the magnetic cell is configured to apply a first spin torque to a first side of the free magnetic layer and a second spin torque to a second side of the free magnetic layer, wherein the first spin torque is substantially orthogonal to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer and the second spin torque is substantially antiparallel to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer.
11. The magnetic cell of claim 7 , wherein the magnetic cell is a spin torque random access memory cell.
12. A magnetic cell comprising:
a first fixed magnetic layer;
a second fixed magnetic layer; and
a free magnetic layer positioned between the first and second fixed magnetic layers;
wherein the magnetic cell defines a first diametrical orientation that is planar with the layers and a second diametrical orientation that is planar with the layers and substantially orthogonal to the first diametrical orientation, and the magnetization direction of the first fixed magnetic layer is oriented in the first diametrical orientation, and the magnetization direction of the second fixed magnetic layer and the easy axis of the free magnetic layer are oriented in the second diametrical orientation.
13. The magnetic cell of claim 12 , further comprising a non-magnetic and electrically insulating interlayer between the first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a non-magnetic and electrically conducting interlayer between the second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
14. The magnetic cell of claim 12 , further comprising a tunneling magnetoresistance interlayer disposed between the first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a giant magnetoresistance interlayer between the second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
15. The magnetic cell of claim 12 , wherein the magnetic cell is configured to apply a first spin torque to a first side of the free magnetic layer and a second spin torque to a second side of the free magnetic layer, wherein the first spin torque is substantially orthogonal to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer and the second spin torque is substantially antiparallel to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer.
16. The magnetic cell of claim 12 , wherein the magnetic cell is a spin torque random access memory cell.
17. A method comprising:
providing a magnetic cell comprising a free magnetic layer that has first and second sides and an initial magnetization direction aligned with an easy axis; and
applying a first spin torque of the first side of the free magnetic layer and a second spin torque to the second side of the free magnetic layer, wherein the first spin torque is substantially orthogonal to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer and the second spin torque is substantially antiparallel to the initial magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
applying a read current to the magnetic cell; and
providing an output based at least in part on a read output signal received in response to the read current.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the free magnetic layer is disposed between a first fixed magnetic layer and a second fixed magnetic layer and a non-magnetic and electrically insulating interlayer is between a first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a non-magnetic and electrically conducting interlayer is between a second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the free magnetic layer is disposed between a first fixed magnetic layer and a second fixed magnetic layer and a tunneling magnetoresistance interlayer is disposed between a first fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, and a giant magnetoresistance interlayer is between a second fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.