Element removal apparatus
A process and apparatus for removing elements is described herein.
1. An apparatus for removing elements from a fluid, comprising:
a. a container vessel and a porous bag disposed within the container vessel, the container vessel including an inlet port and an outlet port to permit fluid flow through the container and exposed to the porous bag; and
b. a plurality of metal fibers having a zero valence state, the plurality of metal fibers being packed into the porous bag at a density D sufficient to react with a plurality of elements in the fluid flow through the porous bag and the plurality of metal fibers adsorb the plurality of elements, wherein the porous bag further comprises a plurality of porous bag layers and the plurality of porous bag layers include a first porous bag layer and a second porous bag layer, wherein the first porous bag layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a first density D and the second porous bag layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a second density D, wherein the first density D is different than the second density D.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of metal fibers further comprise iron.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of iron fibers are an isotropic mass.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the mass of iron fibers further comprise an irregular cross-section and a rough outer surface with a plurality of projections and fissures formed on the rough outer surface.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the rough surface area of the mass metal fibers reduces the plurality of elements in the fluid flow.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the average cross-sectional diameter d of the metal fibers range between about 10 and 500 microns.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of elements comprises selenium ions selected from the group consisting of selenate ions and selenite ions.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the porous bag further comprises a plurality of lift straps, a porous bag wall material, and a porous bottom.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal fibers include a helical wound reel configuration.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first porous bag layer includes the metal fibers comprising a first average cross-sectional diameter d and the second porous bag layer includes the metal fibers comprising a second average cross-sectional diameter d, whereby the first average cross-sectional diameter d is different than the second average cross-sectional diameter.
11. An apparatus for removing elements from a fluid, comprising:
a. a pipe including an inlet port and an outlet port to permit fluid flow through the pipe; and
b. a plurality of iron fibers having a zero valence state, the plurality of metal fibers being packed into a porous bag within the pipe at a density D sufficient to react with elements in the fluid flow through the porous bag, wherein the plurality of metal fibers being packed into the porous bag at a density D sufficient to react with a plurality of elements in the fluid flow through the pipe and the plurality of metal fibers adsorb the plurality of elements, wherein the porous bag further comprises a plurality of layers and the plurality of layers include a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a first density D and the second layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a second density D, wherein the first density D is different than the second density D.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of iron fibers are an isotropic mass.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the isotropic mass is helically wound about a center to form a helical wound reel in a cylindrical shape.
14. An apparatus for removing elements from a fluid, comprising:
a. a container vessel and a porous bag disposed within the container vessel, the container vessel including an inlet port and an outlet port to permit fluid flow through the container and exposed to the porous bag; and
b. a plurality of metal fibers having a zero valence state, the plurality of metal fibers being packed into the porous bag at a density D sufficient to react with elements in the fluid flow through the porous bag, wherein the density D is within the range of about 1 lb/ft 3 to about 50 lb/ft 3 , wherein the porous bag further comprises a plurality of porous bag layers, and wherein the plurality of porous bag layers include a first porous bag layer and a second porous bag layer, wherein the first porous bag layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a first density D and the second porous bag layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a second density D, wherein the first density D is different than the second density D.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first porous bag layer includes the metal fibers comprising a first average cross-sectional diameter d and the second porous bag layer includes the metal fibers comprising a second average cross-sectional diameter d, whereby the first average cross-sectional diameter d is different than the second average cross-sectional diameter.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of metal fibers further comprise iron.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of iron fibers are an isotropic mass.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the mass of iron fibers further comprise an irregular cross-section and a rough outer surface with a plurality of projections and fissures formed on the rough outer surface.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of elements comprises selenium ions selected from the group consisting of selenate ions and selenite ions.
20. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the metal fibers include a helical wound reel configuration.