Method of determining a chemotherapeutic regimen by assaying gene expression in primary tumors
The invention relates to a method for determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for an individual, comprising obtaining a mRNA sample from a primary tumor specimen; determining a gene expression level for a tumor gene determinant in the specimen; comparing the gene expression level for the tumor gene determinant with a predetermined threshold value for that gene; and providing a chemotherapeutic regimen comprising a chemotherapeutic agent appropriate for the tumor gene determinant to treat the tumor metastases.
1. A method for determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for treating a metastatic tumor in an individual having a primary and metastatic tumor comprising:
(a) obtaining a primary tumor specimen;
(b) determining a level of gene expression of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) in a primary tumor comprising
(1) determining the level of TS mRNA in the specimen;
(2) comparing said level of TS mRNA to a level of mRNA of an internal control gene; and
(c) determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for treating the metastatic tumor in the individual based on the level of TS mRNA in the primary tumor specimen and a predetermined threshold level for the TS mRNA.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the expression level of TS comprises a fluorescence based real-time detection method.
3. A method for determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for treating a metastatic tumor in an individual having a primary and metastatic tumor, comprising:
(a) obtaining a fixed primary tumor specimen;
(b) determining a level of gene expression for Thymidylate Synthase (TS) in the fixed tumor specimen comprising
(1) isolating TS mRNA from the fixed tumor specimen by heating in the presence of a solution comprising an effective concentration of a chaotropic agent at a temperature in the range of about 50° C. to about 100° C. and recovering the mRNA from the chaotropic solution;
(2) subjecting the mRNA to amplification using a pair of oligonucleotide primers capable of amplifying a region of TS to obtain an amplified sample;
(3) determining the quantity of TS mRNA in the amplified sample;
(c) comparing the quantity of TS mRNA from step (3) to a quantity of mRNA of an internal control gene; and
(d) determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for treating the metastatic tumor based on the quantity of TS mRNA in the fixed primary tumor specimen and a predetermined threshold level for TS mRNA.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein determining the expression level of TS comprises a fluorescence based real-time detection method.
5. A method for determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for treating a metastatic tumor in an individual having a primary and metastatic tumor, comprising:
(a) obtaining a fixed, paraffin-embedded (FPE) primary tumor specimen;
(b) deparaffinizing the FPE specimen to obtain a deparaffinized sample;
(c) determining a level of gene expression for Thymidylate Synthase (TS) in the deparaffinized sample comprising
(1) isolating TS mRNA from the deparaffinized sample by heating in the presence of a solution comprising an effective concentration of a chaotropic agent at a temperature in the range of about 50° C. to about 100° C.;
(2) subjecting the mRNA to amplification using a pair of oligonucleotide primers capable of amplifying a region of TS to obtain an amplified sample;
(3) determining the quantity of TS mRNA in the amplified sample;
(d) comparing the quantity of TS mRNA from step (3) to a quantity of mRNA of an internal control gene; and
(e) determining a chemotherapeutic regimen for treating the metastatic tumor based on the quantity of TS mRNA in the deparaffinized primary tumor sample and a predetermined threshold level for TS mRNA.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the primer pair consists of a first oligonucleotide having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID: 7 or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto and a second oligonucleotide having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
7. The method of any of claims 3 - 6 , wherein the heating occurs at a temperature in the range of about 75° C. to about 100° C. for a period of about 5 to about 120 minutes.