Fatty acid blends and uses therefor
Provided herein are blends oils or fatty acids comprising more than 50% medium chain fatty acids, or the fatty acid alkyl esters thereof, and having low melting points. Such blends are useful as a fuel or as a starting material for the production of, for example, a biodiesel. Also provided genetically altered or modified plants, modified such that the amount of medium chain fatty acids generated by the plant are increased. Further provided is a method of predicting the melting point of a blend of fatty acid methyl esters and the use of such a method for identifying blends suitable for use as, for example, a biodiesel.
1. A mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters comprising
at least 50% by weight saturated fatty acid alkyl esters having 6-14 carbons, myristoleic acid alkyl ester, and monounsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters having more than 14 carbons,
less than 10% by weight myristic acid alkyl ester and saturated acid alkyl esters having more than 18 carbons; and
wherein: (1) said fatty acid alkyl esters comprise lauric acid alkyl ester (C12:0), and wherein said lauric acid alkyl ester comprises about 5% to about 20% by weight of the mixture; or (2) said mixture comprises about 15% to about 40% fatty acid alkyl esters having 6-14 carbons and about 60% to about 85% monounsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters having more than 18 carbons.
2. A mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture has a melting point of less than or equal to −10° C.
3. A mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture is suitable for use as a fuel in an internal combustion engine.
4. A mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture is suitable for use as a fuel additive, functional fluid, or freezing point depressant.
5. A biodiesel blend comprising a mixture of claim 1 and a petroleum diesel.
6. The mixture of claim 1 , comprising at least 50% by weight saturated fatty acid alkyl esters having 8-12 carbons, myristoleic acid alkyl ester, and monounsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters having more than 14 carbons.
7. The mixture of claim 1 , comprising less than 10% by weight myristic acid alkyl ester and saturated fatty acid alkyl esters having more than 16 carbons.
8. The mixture of claim 1 , comprising
at least 50% by weight saturated fatty acid alkyl esters having 8-12 carbons, myristoleic acid alkyl ester, and monounsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters having more than 14 carbons, and
less than 10% by weight myristic acid alkyl ester and saturated fatty acid alkyl esters having more than 16 carbons.
9. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises 6% to less than 20% lauric acid (C12:0) alkyl ester.
10. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein caprylic acid (C8:0) alkyl ester, capric acid (C10:0) alkyl ester, and lauric acid (C12:0) alkyl ester together account for 20% to 40% of the mixture.
11. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein oleic acid (C18:1) alkyl ester and palmitoleic acid (16:1) alkyl ester together account for 50% to 85% of the mixture.
12. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein stearic (18:0) alkyl ester and palmitic acid (16:0) alkyl ester account for less than 4% of the mixture.
13. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein myristic acid (14:0) alkyl ester accounts for less than 2% of the mixture.
14. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein linoleic acid (18:2) alkyl ester and linolenic acid (18:3) alkyl ester together account for less than 3% of the mixture.
15. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein arachidic acid (C20:0) alkyl ester, behenic acid (C22:0) alkyl ester and lignoceric acid (C24:0) alkyl ester account for less than 1% of the mixture.
16. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein said mixture comprises:
55% to 65% oleic acid (C18:1);
5% to 15% lauric acid (C12:0);
15% to 25% capric acid (C10:0); and
5% to 15% caprylic acid (C8:0).