Porous films and bodies with enhanced mechanical strength
This invention provides a process for making a polyfunctional starburst-shaped fullerene derivative for use as a matrix-reinforcing agent for mesoporous and other porous materials. This invention can include the formation of a highly soluble example of such a derivative from a fullerene and a bifunctional coupling agent. A solution of said agent can be delivered to the surface of a porous solid during, or after, the solids formation. Porous films and bodies containing such a matrix-reinforcing agent can exhibit improved mechanical properties, and can be produced using equipment and techniques common and available to those skilled in the art of porous materials preparations.
1. A reinforced porous sol-gel material, prepared by a process comprising:
preparing a reinforcing material including one or more structures, wherein each structure comprises a central core surrounded by one or more reactive arms;
providing a porous sol-gel material wherein a surface of the porous sol-gel material is chemically reactive towards the reactive arms;
applying the reinforcing material to the surface of the porous sol-gel material; and
bonding the reinforcing material to the surface of the porous sol-gel material.
2. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 1 , wherein said preparing comprises mixing a fullerene selected from the group consisting of C 60 , C 70 , C 72 , C 74 , C 76 , C 78 , C 84 , C 96 , and C 184 with at least one other material.
3. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 1 , wherein the average number of reactive arms of each central core is between 3 and 20.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reactive arms of the reinforcing material comprise a first reactive group, a linear organic spacer; and a second reactive group.
5. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 4 , wherein the first reactive group is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, dienes, azides, and carbanions.
6. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 4 , wherein the second reactive group is a metal-alkoxide or metalloid-alkoxide.
7. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 4 , wherein the linear organic spacer is a linear alkane including between about 3 and about 20 carbon atoms.
8. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 7 , wherein the alkane includes one or more internal chain components selected from the group consisting of ether groups, aryl groups, alkyne groups, alkene groups, amine groups, ketone groups, and cyclic alkane groups.
9. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 1 , wherein the porous sol-gel material includes a plurality of pores with diameters between about 1 and about 50 nanometers.
10. The reinforced porous sol-gel material of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing material covers about 50-100% of the surface of the porous sol-gel material.