Wetting resistant materials and articles made therewith
Ceramic materials with relatively high resistance to wetting by various liquids, such as water, are presented, along with articles made with these materials, methods for making these articles and materials, and methods for protecting articles using coatings made from these materials. One embodiment is a material comprising a primary oxide and a secondary oxide. The primary oxide comprises cerium or hafnium. The secondary oxide comprises (i) praseodymium or ytterbium, and (ii) another cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium.
1. An article comprising a material, wherein the material comprises:
a primary oxide comprising a primary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of cerium and hafnium; and
a secondary oxide comprising at least two secondary oxide cations, wherein a first secondary oxide cation comprises praseodymium or ytterbium, and a second secondary oxide cation comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium,
wherein the material within the article has an overall porosity of lower than about 5 percent by volume.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.95.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.25 to about 0.9.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is about 0.5.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of first secondary oxide cations to total secondary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.99.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of first secondary oxide cations to total secondary oxide cations to secondary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.95.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of first secondary oxide cations to total secondary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.90.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the secondary oxide comprises praseodymium and lanthanum.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the secondary oxide comprises ytterbium and lanthanum.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article comprises a surface coated with the material.
11. A condenser comprising the article of claim 10 .
12. A turbine assembly comprising the article of claim 10 , wherein the turbine assembly is a gas turbine assembly, a steam turbine assembly, or a wind turbine assembly.
13. The article of claim 10 , wherein the article is a component of a steam turbine assembly.
14. The article of claim 10 , further comprising a substrate wherein the substrate comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and its alloys, nickel and its alloys, steel, stainless steel, copper and its alloys, and titanium and its alloys.
15. The article of claim 10 , wherein the coated surface comprises a surface texture.
16. A method for protecting an article, comprising:
depositing a coating on a substrate, wherein the coating comprises
a primary oxide comprising a primary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of cerium and hafnium, and
a secondary oxide comprising at least two secondary oxide cations, wherein a first secondary oxide cation comprises praseodymium or ytterbium, and a second secondary oxide cation comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium
wherein the method of depositing results in the coating having an overall porosity of lower than about 5% by volume.