Wetting resistant materials and articles made therewith
Ceramic materials with relatively high resistance to wetting by various liquids, such as water, are presented, along with articles made with these materials, methods for making these articles and materials, and methods for protecting articles using coatings made from these materials. One embodiment is an article comprising a material that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one type selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation. The material comprises a primary oxide and a secondary oxide. The primary oxide comprises cerium or hafnium. The secondary oxide comprises (i) praseodymium or ytterbium, and (ii) another cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium.
1. An article comprising:
a substrate, and a coating disposed on the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a material comprising (i) a primary oxide comprising a primary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of cerium and hafnium; and (ii) a secondary oxide comprising at least two secondary oxide cations, wherein a first secondary oxide cation comprises praseodymium or ytterbium, and a second secondary oxide cation comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium;
wherein the material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of at least one type selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation;
and wherein the substrate comprises a material transparent to the electromagnetic radiation.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.95.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is in the range from about 0.25 to about 0.9.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the primary oxide cations to total cations present in the material is about 0.5.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of first secondary oxide cations to total secondary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.99.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of first secondary oxide cations to total secondary oxide cations to secondary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.95.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of first secondary oxide cations to total secondary oxide cations is in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.90.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the secondary oxide comprises praseodymium and lanthanum.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the secondary oxide comprises ytterbium and lanthanum.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a photovoltaic device.
11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a window.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a sensor.
13. The article of claim 1 , wherein the material is transparent to visible light.