Assisted stack anode purge at start-up of fuel cell system
A fuel cell system that enables an assisted anode purge upon start-up is provided. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells with anodes and cathodes. The fuel cell stack has an anode supply manifold and an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes. The fuel cell system further includes a suction device in fluid communication with at least one of the anode supply manifold and the anode exhaust manifold. The suction device adapted to selectively draw a partial vacuum on the fuel cell stack during a start-up of the fuel cell system. Methods for starting the fuel cell system are also provided.
1. A method for starting a fuel cell system, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a fuel cell stack with a plurality of fuel cells having anodes and cathodes, the fuel cell stack having an anode supply manifold and an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes, the anode supply manifold in fluid communication with a first purge valve and a regulator valve adapted to selectively deliver hydrogen to the anode supply manifold, the anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with an anode outlet valve;
providing a suction device in fluid communication with the first purge valve and the anode outlet valve;
drawing a partial vacuum on the fuel cell stack by opening the first purge valve and the anode outlet valve;
closing the anode outlet valve;
purging the anode supply manifold with hydrogen by opening the regulator valve;
closing the first purge valve when the anode supply manifold is substantially filled with hydrogen;
supplying the anodes and the anode exhaust manifold with hydrogen by opening the anode outlet valve; and
supplying air to the cathodes, wherein the fuel cell stack is placed in an operational mode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the suction device is an eductor having a motive port, a discharge port, and a suction port, the suction port in fluid communication with at least one of the first purge valve and the anode outlet valve.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of:
providing an air compressor in fluid communication with the motive port of the eductor; and
starting the air compressor prior to the step of drawing a partial vacuum on the fuel cell stack, wherein a motive air flow is provided to the eductor.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the regulator valve supplies hydrogen at a flow rate that militates against a flow of hydrogen into the anodes during the step of purging the anode supply manifold.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein a ratio of a hydrogen flow to the motive air flow results in an exhausted hydrogen concentration of less than about 4 percent by volume.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the steps of:
providing a stack shorting device in electrical communication with the fuel cell stack;
engaging the stack shorting device before the filling of the anodes with hydrogen, wherein an electrical load is applied on the fuel cell stack; and
disengaging the stack shorting device after the anodes are substantially filled with hydrogen.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
providing an anode recycle pump in fluid communication with the anode supply manifold and the anode exhaust manifold, the anode recycle pump adapted to recycle residual hydrogen exhausted from the fuel cell stack;
causing hydrogen to flow from the anode exhaust manifold around the anode recycle pump before the filling of the anodes with hydrogen;
filling the anode recycle pump with hydrogen; and
supplying hydrogen from the anode exhaust manifold to the recycle pump after the anodes and the anode exhaust manifold are substantially filled with hydrogen.
8. A method for starting a fuel cell system, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a fuel cell stack with a plurality of fuel cells having anodes and cathodes, the fuel cell stack having an anode supply manifold and an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes, the anode supply manifold in fluid communication with a first purge valve and a regulator valve adapted to selectively deliver hydrogen to the anode supply manifold, the anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with a second purge valve and an anode outlet valve;
providing a suction device in fluid communication with the first purge valve and the second purge valve;
drawing a partial vacuum on the anode supply manifold by opening the first purge valve;
purging the anode supply manifold with hydrogen by opening the regulator valve;
closing the first purge valve when the anode supply manifold is substantially filled with hydrogen;
drawing a partial vacuum on the anode exhaust manifold by opening the second purge valve and the anode outlet valve, wherein hydrogen is supplied to the anodes and the anode exhaust manifold;
closing the second purge valve when the anodes are substantially filled with hydrogen; and
supplying air to the cathodes, wherein the fuel cell system is placed in an operational mode.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the suction device is an air compressor in fluid communication with a flow restrictor and having a reduced pressure zone disposed therebetween, the reduced pressure zone in fluid communication with the first purge valve and the second purge valve.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising the step of starting the air compressor prior to the step of drawing a partial vacuum on the anode supply manifold, wherein suction is generated in the reduced pressure zone.