Method for subsurface electromagnetic surveying using two or more simultaneously actuated electromagnetic sources
A method for electromagnetic exploration includes imparting a first electromagnetic signal into subsurface formations from a first location and imparting a second electromagnetic signal into the formations from a second location substantially contemporaneously with imparting the first electromagnetic signal. The first and second electromagnetic signals are substantially uncorrelated with each other. A combined electromagnetic response of the formations to the first and second imparted electromagnetic signals is detected at a third location. A response of the formations to each of the first and the second imparted signals is determined from the detected response.
1. A method for electromagnetic exploration of subsurface formations below a body of water, comprising:
imparting a first electromagnetic signal into the subsurface formations from a first location suspended above the bottom of the body of water;
imparting a second electromagnetic signal into the formations from a second location substantially contemporaneously with imparting the first electromagnetic signal, the first and second electromagnetic signals substantially uncorrelated with each other;
detecting a combined electromagnetic response of the formations to the first and second imparted electromagnetic signals at a third location; and
determining a response of the formations to each of the first and the second imparted signals from the detected response, wherein determining formation response to the first electromagnetic signal comprises:
(a) deconvolving the detected signal using the first electromagnetic signal;
(b) estimating the formation response to the first electromagnetic signal using the deconvolved detected signal;
(c) convolving the estimated formation response from (b) with the first electromagnetic signal; and
(d) subtracting a result of the convolution of the estimated formation response with the first electromagnetic signal from the detected signal.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the estimating the formation response to the first electromagnetic signal using the deconvolved detected signal includes identifying a peak associated with the first electromagnetic signal and using the peak to determine the estimate.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising (e) deconvolving the result of (d) with the second electromagnetic signal to produce an estimate of formation response to the second electromagnetic signal.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 further comprising:
(f) convolving the estimate of the formation response to the second electromagnetic signal with the second electromagnetic signal;
(g) determining a difference between the result of (f) and the detected signal;
(h) deconvolving the result of (g) with the first electromagnetic signal to produce an improved estimate of the formation response to the first electromagnetic signal; and
(j) using the improved estimate produced in (h) by (1) convolving the estimated formation response from (h) with the first electromagnetic signal, and (2) subtracting a result of the convolution of the estimated formation response from (h) with the first electromagnetic signal from the detected signal.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 further comprising iteratively repeating (c) to (j) until convergence occurs.
6. A method for determining a formation response from a detected electromagnetic signal resulting from a first electromagnetic signal imparted into a subsurface earth formation at a first location and from a second electromagnetic signal imparted into the formation at a second location, the first and second signals being imparted substantially contemporaneously, the method comprising:
(a) deconvolving the detected signal using the first electromagnetic signal;
(b) estimating the formation response to the first electromagnetic signal using the deconvolved detected signal;
(c) convolving the estimated formation response from (b) with the first electromagnetic signal, and
(d) subtracting a result of the convolution of the estimated formation response with the first electromagnetic signal from the detected signal.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the estimating the formation response to the first electromagnetic signal using the deconvolved detected signal includes identifying a peak associated with the first electromagnetic signal and using the peak to determine the estimate.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 further comprising (e) deconvolving the result of (d) with the second electromagnetic signal to produce an estimate of formation response to the second electromagnetic signal.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 further comprising:
(f) convolving the estimate of the formation response to the second electromagnetic signal with the second electromagnetic signal;
(g) determining a difference between the result of (f) and the detected signal;
(h) deconvolving the result of (g) with the first electromagnetic signal to produce an improved estimate of the formation response to the first electromagnetic signal, and
(j) using the improved estimate produced in (h) by convolving the estimated formation response from (h) with the first electromagnetic signal, and subtracting a result of the convolution of the estimated formation response from (h) with the first electromagnetic signal from the detected signal.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 further comprising iteratively repeating (c) to (j) until convergence occurs.
11. A method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the first and second electromagnetic signals are substantially uncorrelated pseudo-random binary sequences.
12. A method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the first and second electromagnetic signals have a cross correlation function of substantially zero.
13. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the first and second imparted signals have overlapping bandwidths.