6-O sulfated polysaccharides and methods of preparation thereof
Disclosed are methods of 6-O-sulfating glucosaminyl N-acetylglucosamine residues (GlcNAc) in a polysaccharide preparation and methods of converting anticoagulant-inactive heparan sulfate to anticoagulant-active heparan sulfate and substantially pure polysaccharide preparations may by such methods. Also disclosed is a mutant CHO cell which hyper-produces anticoagulant-active heparan sulfate. Methods for elucidating the sequence of activity of enzymes in a biosynthetic pathway are provided.
1. An in vitro method of transferring a sulfate on to the 6-O position of a GlcNAc sugar residue in a polysaccharide preparation, the method comprising the steps of
(a) providing a polysaccharide preparation having GlcNAc sugar residues, and
(b) contacting the polysaccharide preparation provided in (a) with glucosaminyl-6-O-sulfotransferase (6-OST) protein in the presence of a sulfate donor whereby the 6-OST protein adds a sulfate to the 6-O-position of a GlcNAc sugar residue; and
wherein said polysaccharide preparation comprises heparin.
2. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation comprises glucuronic acid (GlcUA) residues.
3. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes GlcUA-GlcNAc 2 sugar residues.
4. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes disaccharides elected from the consisting of GlcUA/IdoUA-GlcNS, IdoUA2S-GlcNS, and GlcUA-GlcNS3S.
5. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes GlcNAc/NS6S-GlcUA-GlcNS3 S±6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S.
6. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes GlcNAc/NS-GlcUA-GlcNS3 S±6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S.
7. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes GlcNAc/NS6S-GlcUA-GlcNS3S±-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S.
8. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes GlcNAc/NS6S-GlcUA-GlcNS3S±6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS.
9. The method of claim 1 , whereby the 6-OST protein is a recombinant protein.
10. The method of claim 9 , whereby the 6-OST protein is a human recombinant protein.
11. The method of claim 9 , whereby the recombinant protein is produced in a expression system selected from the group consisting of baculovirus cells, yeast cells, bacterial cells, and mammalian cells.
12. The method as in claim 1 , whereby the sulfate donor is 3′-phospho-adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS).
13. The method of claim 1 , whereby the 6-O-sulfation is performed in a reaction mixture comprising at least one chloride salt and wherein the pH is between 6.5 and 7.5.
14. The method of claim 1 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation is contacted with 6-OST protein in the presence of a sulfate donor for at least 20 minutes.
15. An in vitro method of enriching the portion of anticoagulant active Heparin Sulfate (HS act ) present in a polysaccharide preparation comprising:
(a) providing a d-O-sulfated polysaccharide preparation; and
(b) contacting the preparation with 6-OST protein in the presence of a sulfate donor under conditions, which permit the 6-OST protein to add a sulfate to the 6-O-position of a GlcNAc sugar residue, wherein step (b) occurs concurrent with or subsequent to step (a).
16. The method of claim 15 , whereby the 3-O-sulfated polysaccharide preparation is made in a CHO cell that expresses 3-OST-1 protein.
17. The method of claim 16 , whereby the 3-O-sulfate polysaccharide preparation is prepared by contacting anticoagulant inactive Heparin Sulfate (HSin act ) with 3-OST-1 protein.
18. The method of claim 15 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation comprises heparan.
19. The method of claim 15 , whereby the percentage of HS act present in the polysaccharide preparation following step (b) is greater than 70%.
20. The method of claim 15 , whereby the percentage of HS act present in the polysaccharide preparation following step (b) is greater than 50%.
21. The method of claim 15 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation comprise N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucuronic acid (GlcUA) residues.
22. The method as in claim 15 , whereby the polysaccharide preparation includes sugar residues selected from the group consisting of GlcUA/IdoUA-GlcNS, GlcUA-GlcNAc, IdoUA2S-GlcNS, and GlcUA-GlcNS3S.
23. The method of claim 15 , whereby the sulfate donor comprises PAPS.
24. The method of claim 15 , whereby the 6-O-sulfation is performed in a reaction mixture comprising at least one chloride salt at a pH of about 6.5-7.5.
25. The method as in any one of claim 24 , whereby the 6-OST protein comprises a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of
(a) human 6-OST-1 (SEQ ID NO. 3);
(b) human 6-OST-2A (SEQ ID NO. 4);
(c) human 6-OST-2B (SEQ ID NO. 5);
(d) human 6-OST-3 (SEQ ID NO. 6).