Micrometric direct-write methods for patterning conductive material and applications to flat panel display repair
A new, low temperature method for directly writing conductive metal traces with micron and sub-micron sized features. In this method, a flat beam is used, such as an AFM cantilever, with or without a tip, to draw traces of metal precursor ink onto a substrate. The dimensions of the metal traces can be directly controlled by the geometry of the cantilever, so that one can controllably deposit traces from 1 micron to over 100 microns wide with microfabricated cantilevers. Cantilevers with sharp tips can be used to further shrink the minimum features sizes to sub-micron scale. The height of the features can be increased by building layers of similar or different material.
1. A method for writing conductive metal comprising:
providing two or more tipless cantilevers each having a cantilever end, wherein the cantilevers have a gap between them which is about one micron to about 20 microns;
providing an ink disposed in the gap between the cantilevers and disposed on the cantilever end, wherein the gap between the cantilevers acts as a reservoir to hold the ink;
providing a substrate surface; and
contacting the two or more cantilevers with the ink disposed in the gap between the cantilevers and at the cantilever end with the substrate surface so that ink is delivered from the gap between the cantilevers and the cantilever end to the substrate surface to form a feature on the substrate-surface,
wherein the widths of the two or more cantilevers and the width of the gap between the cantilevers control at least one dimension of the feature formed on the substrate surface.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gap is about one micron to about five microns.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gap is about five microns to about ten microns.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gap is about ten microns to about twenty microns.
5. A method comprising:
providing two or more cantilevers each having a cantilever end, wherein the cantilevers can comprise a tip at the end or can be tipless cantilevers, wherein the cantilevers have a gap between them which is about one micron to about 20 microns;
providing an ink disposed in the gap between the cantilevers and disposed at the cantilever end, wherein the gap between the cantilevers acts as a reservoir to hold the ink;
providing a substrate surface; and
contacting the two or more cantilevers with the ink disposed in the gap between the cantilevers and at the cantilever end with the substrate surface so that ink is delivered from the gap between the cantilevers and the cantilever end to the substrate surface to form a feature on the substrate surface,
wherein the widths of the two or more cantilevers and the width of the gap between the cantilevers control at least one dimension of the feature formed on the substrate surface.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the gap is about one micron to about five microns.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the gap is about five microns to about ten microns.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the gap is about ten microns to about twenty microns.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cantilevers are tipless cantilevers.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the gap between the cantilevers acts as a reservoir to hold ink due to capillary action.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ink comprises one or more biological molecules.
12. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ink comprises one or more peptides or proteins.
13. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ink comprises one or more nucleic acids.
14. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ink comprises one or more sol-gel materials.
15. The method of claim 5 , wherein the delivered ink forms a feature which has a dot diameter or line width of about one micron to about 100 microns.
16. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cantilevers are about 50 microns to about 200 microns long.
17. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cantilevers are brought into contact with the substrate surface at an angle of about 10 degrees or less.
18. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cantilevers are brought into contact with the substrate surface at an angle of about 5 degrees or less.
19. A method comprising:
providing two or more tipless cantilevers each having a cantilever end, wherein the cantilevers have a gap or slit between them;
providing an ink disposed in the gap or slit between the cantilevers and disposed at the cantilever end, wherein the gap or slit between the cantilevers acts as a reservoir to hold the ink;
providing a substrate surface; and
depositing the ink from the gap or slit between the cantilevers and the cantilever end to the substrate surface to form a feature on the substrate surface,
wherein the widths of the two or more cantilevers and the width of the gap or slit between the cantilevers control at least one dimension of the feature formed on the surface.