Methods for detection of hydrophobic drugs
Methods and reagents are disclosed for pretreating a sample suspected of containing a hydrophobic drug for conducting an assay method for detecting the hydrophobic drug. A combination is provided in a medium. The combination comprises (i) the sample, (ii) a releasing agent for releasing the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites from endogenous binding moieties, and (iii) a selective solubility agent that provides for substantially equal solubility of the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites in the medium. The selective solubility agent comprises a water miscible, non-volatile organic solvent and is present in the medium in a concentration sufficient to provide for substantially equal solubility of the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites in the medium. The medium, which may further comprise a hemolytic agent, is incubated under conditions for releasing the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites from endogenous binding moieties. For conducting an assay for the hydrophobic drug, the above pretreatment is performed and to the medium is added reagents for determining the presence and/or amount of the hydrophobic drug in the sample wherein the reagents comprise at least one antibody for the hydrophobic drug. The medium is examined for the presence of a complex comprising the hydrophobic drug and the antibody for the hydrophobic drug, the presence and/or amount of the complex indicating the presence and/or amount of the hydrophobic drug in the sample.
1. A method for determining a hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug in a sample suspected of containing a hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug, the method comprising:
(a) providing in combination in a medium:
(i) a sample suspected of containing a hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug,
(ii) a releasing agent for releasing the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug and the metabolites of the immunosuppressant drug from endogenous binding moieties that bind the immunosuppressant drug and the metabolites, and
(iii) a selective solubility agent for the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug and the metabolites wherein the selective solubility agent comprises a water miscible, non-volatile organic solvent and wherein the concentration of the selective solubility agent in the medium is sufficient to enhance the bioavailability of the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug over that of the metabolites in the medium,
(b) incubating the medium under conditions for enhancing the bioavailability of the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug over that of the metabolites in the medium,
(c) adding to the medium of step b), (i) an enzyme labeled antibody that is specific for and binds to the immunosuppressant drug and (ii) magnetic particles having bound thereto an analog of the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug analog thereof, and
(d) examining the medium and detecting for the presence of the label, the presence thereof indicating the presence of a complex comprising the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug and the antibody specific for the immunosuppressant drug, the presence and/or amount of the complex indicating the presence and/or amount of the hydrophobic immunosuppressant drug in the sample.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the immunosuppressant drug is selected from the group consisting of tacrolimus, cyclosporin, rapamycin and everolimus.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the selective solubility agent is a C 2 to C 6 polyol comprising 2 to 3 hydroxy groups, a C 2 to C 6 sulfoxide, a C 2 to C 6 sulfone or a C 2 to C 6 amide, a C 2 to C 6 mono-, di- and tri-ether of a polyol or a C 2 to C 6 mono-, di- and tri-esters of a polyol.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the selective solubility agent is ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone or dimethylformamide.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the releasing agent is an analog of the immunosuppressant drug.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the examining comprises separating the magnetic particles from the medium.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the magnetic particles are chromium dioxide particles.