Electroded polymer substrate with embedded wires for an electronic display
A sheet in an electronic display is composed of a substrate containing an array of wire electrodes. The wire electrodes are preferably electrically connected to patterned transparent conductive electrode lines. The wire electrodes are used to carry the bulk of the current. The wire electrodes are capable of being extended away from the substrate and connected directly to the printed circuit board. The transparent conductive electrode (TCE) is used to spread the charge or voltage from the wire electrode across the pixel. It is a patterned film and must be at least 50% transparent, and, for most applications, is preferably over 90% transparent. In most display applications, the electroded surface of the electroded sheet has to be flattened. Use of a thin polymer substrate yields a light, flexible, rugged sheet that may be curved, bent or rolled.
1. An electroded sheet for an electronic display comprising:
a) a polymer substrate wherein a width and a length of the substrate covers substantially a width and a length of the electronic display; and
b) an array of wire electrodes embedded in a surface of the polymer substrate;
wherein each wire electrode is a highly conductive thread-like or fiber-like material; and
wherein the wire electrodes are formed using a standard wire forming process as free standing entities, are not evaporated or deposited on the substrate and are capable of being extended away from the substrate and connected directly to a printed circuit board.
2. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , further comprising an array of transparent conductive electrode strips electrically connected to the wire electrodes.
3. The electroded sheet of claim 2 , wherein the transparent conductive electrode is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of:
a) a transparent conductive polymer;
b) a plurality of nanotubes;
c) a plurality of nanorods;
d) a physical vapor deposited coating; and
e) any combination of a) through d).
4. The electroded sheet of claim 2 , wherein the transparent electrode strips are formed using a maskless process.
5. The electroded sheet of claim 2 , wherein the transparent electrode strips are electrically connected to wire electrodes on both sides of the strip.
6. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the wire electrodes are coated with a film that serves a purpose selected from the group consisting of:
a) removing a reflection from the wire electrodes;
b) assisting in connecting the wire electrode to a surface or interface;
c) assisting in making electrical connection to a transparent conductive electrode connected to the wires; and
d) any combination of a) through c).
7. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the wires protrude less than 25 μm from the surface of the substrate.
8. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , further comprising a polymer coating added to the substrate.
9. The electroded sheet of claim 8 , wherein the wire electrodes are embedded in the polymer coating.
10. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the sheet is used in creating a plane selected from the group consisting of:
a) at least one plane in a passive addressed electro-optic display;
b) at least one plane in a cholesteric liquid crystal display;
c) at least one plane in a smectic liquid crystal display;
d) a column electrode plane in a plasma-addressed display;
e) at least one addressing plane in a plasma tube display;
f) at least one electrode plane in an electrochromic display;
g) at least one electrode plane in an electroluminescent display;
h) at least one electrode plane in a quantum dot display;
i) at least one electrode plane in an OLED display;
j) at least one electrode plane in a passive addressed LC display;
k) at least one electrode plane in a MEMS display;
l) at least one plane in a 3-D display;
m) at least one plane in a multiple view display;
n) at least one plane in a flexible display;
o) at least one plane in a rollable display;
p) at least one plane in a curved display, and
q) any combination of a) through p).
11. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive coating added to the wire electrodes.
12. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , further comprising a circuit board connected directly to the wire electrodes.
13. The electroded sheet of claim 12 , wherein the wires are connected to the circuit board at a direction orthogonal to a direction of the wires in a main body of the electroded sheet.
14. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the wire electrodes are brought out of the sheet orthogonal to a direction of the wires in a main body of the sheet.
15. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the wire electrodes are embedded into the polymer surface using at least one of the following:
a) at least one rigid plate;
b) at least one roller; and
c) at least one die.
16. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the electroded surface of the sheet is flat.
17. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , further comprising a barrier film added to an electroded surface of the electroded sheet.
18. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein heat is applied directly to the wire electrodes to soften the polymer substrate when the wire electrodes are embedded in the surface of the polymer substrate.
19. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , further comprising at least one lens added to the surface of the electroded sheet.
20. The electroded sheet of claim 19 , wherein the lens is embossed in the electroded sheet.
21. The electroded sheet of claim 19 , wherein the lens is formed in a separate lens sheet and attached to the electroded sheet.
22. The electroded sheet of claim 19 , wherein the display shows multiple images at the same time.
23. The electroded sheet of claim 19 , wherein the display shows a three-dimensional image.
24. The electroded sheet of claim 1 , wherein the wires in the electroded sheet form a zigzag pattern.