Fingerprinted circuits and methods of making and identifying the same
A circuit having a fingerprint for identification of a particular instantiation of the circuit is disclosed. The circuit may include a plurality of digital circuits or gates. Each of the digital circuits or gates is responsive to a configuration voltage applied to its analog input for controlling whether or not the digital circuit or gate performs its intended digital function and each of the digital circuits or gates transitioning between its functional state and its at least one other state when the configuration voltage equals a boundary voltage. The boundary voltage varies between different instantiations of the circuit for a majority of the digital circuits or gates and these differing boundary voltages serving to identify (or fingerprint) different instantiations of the same circuit.
1. A system comprising:
at least one digital to analog converter for generating configuration voltages and
a plurality of digital circuits or gates, wherein each of the plurality of digital circuits or gates comprises an analog input to which the configuration voltages are adapted to be applied, and the digital circuit or gate is adapted to exhibit, during operation:
at least one state wherein the digital circuit or gate performs an intended digital function;
at least one other state wherein the intended digital function is not performed;
response to the configuration voltage applied to the analog input for controlling the performance of the intended digital function of the circuit or gate; and
a transition between the at least one state and the at least one other state when the applied configuration voltage corresponds to a boundary voltage wherein the boundary voltage for each instantiation of the system constitute a fingerprint for identification of said each instantiation.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein manufacturing tolerances occurring during manufacture of said system give rise to the varying of said boundary voltages.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the boundary voltage of a particular digital circuit or gate corresponds to a number applied to the associated digital to analog converter for generating the configuration voltage corresponding to the boundary voltage associated with said particular digital circuit or gate.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said system is an integrated circuit device.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an electrical circuit for testing the boundary voltage and thereby extracting the fingerprint from the particular instantiation of the system.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the system is an integrated circuit device.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the configuration voltages are DC or AC voltages applied to the integrated circuit device.
8. A system comprising:
at least one digital to analog converter for generating configuration voltages and
at least one polymorphic circuit, wherein the polymorphic circuit comprises an analog input to which the configuration voltages are adapted to be applied, and the polymorphic circuit is adapted to exhibit, during operation:
at least two states wherein the polymorphic circuit performs one intended digital function for each state;
at least one other state occurring between the at least two states wherein the intended digital functions are not performed;
response to the configuration voltage applied to the analog input for controlling the performance of the intended digital functions of the polymorphic circuit; and
at least two transitions, wherein each transition is between one of the at least two states and the at least one other state when the applied configuration voltage corresponds to a boundary voltage of the polymorphic circuit, wherein the boundary voltages for each instantiation of the system constitute fingerprints for identification of said each instantiation.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the polymorphic circuit is configured to have at least five boundary voltages where the polymorphic circuit transitions from one of the at least two states to the at least one other state.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein each boundary voltage of a particular polymorphic circuit corresponds to a number applied to the associated digital to analog converter for generating the configuration voltage corresponding to each boundary voltage associated with said particular polymorphic circuit.