Liquid nonionic surfactants for emulsion polymerization and other applications
The present invention provides a high actives liquid nonionic surfactant concentrate that includes a fatty alcohol alkoxylate having an alkylene oxide content of about 10-100 moles and at least one other nonionic surfactant alkoxylate having an alkylene oxide content of about 4-12 moles. The liquid surfactant concentrate may be utilized in a variety of applications, such as emulsion polymerization or in the formulation of agrochemical compositions.
1. A liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 20-87% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-50% by weight of a nonionic surfactant alkoxylate selected from the group consisting of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide ethoxylate and lauric fatty acid monoethanolamide ethoxylate; and
(iii) about 10-40% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is ethylene; and n is the ethylene oxide content ranging from about 10 to about 100 moles.
2. The liquid surfactant concentrate of claim 1 comprising about 40-70% by weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate, about 3-25% by weight of the nonionic surfactant alkoxylate and about 15-40% by weight water.
3. The liquid surfactant concentrate of claim 1 wherein R is a mixture of linear saturated hydrocarbon groups containing from about 10-18 carbon atoms.
4. The liquid surfactant concentrate of claim 1 wherein R is a mixture of linear saturated hydrocarbon groups containing from about 12-16 carbon atoms.
5. A method for making a liquid surfactant concentrate according to claim 1 comprising the step of blending the fatty alcohol alkoxylate with the nonionic surfactant alkoxylate and water at a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 70° C.
6. An article comprising a liquid surfactant concentrate according to claim 1 and a container.
7. A method of making a monomer emulsion comprising the steps of contacting:
(a) a liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 40-70% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-25% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant alkoxylate of formulas (II), (III) and (IV)
(iii) about 15-40% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is ethylene; n is the ethylene oxide content ranging from about 30 to about 60 moles; R 1 is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain containing from about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms; m and p+q are the alkylene oxide contents ranging from about 4 to about 12 moles; R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated fatty hydrocarbon having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms; and R 3 is the same as R 2 or hydrogen;
(b) deionized water;
(c) a free radical initiator system; and
(d) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
8. A stable polymer formed by the monomer emulsion according to claim 7 .
9. A liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 20-87% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant alkoxylate of formulas (II), (III) and (IV)
(iii) about 30-40% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is the alkylene oxide content ranging from about 10 to about 100 moles; R 1 is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain containing from about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms; m and p+q are alkylene oxide contents ranging from about 4 to about 12 moles; R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated fatty hydrocarbon having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms; and R 3 is the same as R 2 or hydrogen; and
wherein about 60-70% by weight of the liquid surfactant concentrate comprises the fatty alcohol alkoxylate and the nonionic surfactant alkoxylate.
10. A liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 20-87% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant alkoxylate of formulas (II), (III) and (IV)
(iii) about 20-25% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is the alkylene oxide content ranging from about 10 to about 100 moles; R 1 is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain containing from about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms; m and p+q are alkylene oxide contents ranging from about 4 to about 12 moles; R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated fatty hydrocarbon having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms; and R 3 is the same as R 2 or hydrogen; and
wherein about 75-80% by weight of the liquid surfactant concentrate comprises the fatty alcohol alkoxylate and the nonionic surfactant alkoxylate.
11. The liquid surfactant concentrate of claim 1 wherein n ranges from about 12 to about 70 moles.
12. A liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 20-87% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant alkoxylate of formulas (II), (III) and (IV)
(iii) about 10-40% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is ethylene ewe and n ranges from about 30 to about 60 moles; R 1 is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain containing from about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms; m and p+q are ethylene oxide contents ranging from about 4 to about 12 moles; R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated fatty hydrocarbon having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms; and R 3 is the same as R 2 or hydrogen.
13. The liquid surfactant concentrate of claim 12 , comprising about 40-70% by weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate, 3-25% by weight of the nonionic surfactant alkoxylate and 15-40% by weight water.
14. The liquid surfactant concentrate of claim 13 , wherein R is a mixture of linear saturated hydrocarbon groups containing from about 12-16 carbon atoms.
15. A liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 20-87% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant alkoxylate of formulas (II) and (III):
(iii) about 10-40% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is the alkylene oxide content ranging from about 10 to about 100 moles; R 1 is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain containing from about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms; and m and p+q are alkylene oxide contents ranging from about 4 to about 12 moles.
16. A method of making a monomer emulsion comprising the steps of contacting:
(a) a liquid surfactant concentrate comprising:
(i) about 20-87% by weight of a primary or secondary fatty alcohol alkoxylate of formula (I):
(ii) about 3-50% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant alkoxylate of formulas (II) and (III)
(iii) about 10-40% by weight water;
wherein the percent by weight is based on the total weight of the fatty alcohol alkoxylate plus nonionic surfactant alkoxylate plus water and wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from about 6 to 24 carbon atoms; R 0 is the same as R or hydrogen; Z is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is the alkylene oxide content ranging from about 10 to about 100 moles; R 1 is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain containing from about 5 to about 21 carbon atoms; and m and p+q are the alkylene oxide contents ranging from about 4 to about 12 moles;
(b) deionized water;
(c) a free radical initiator system; and
(d) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers.