Method for diagnosing a disease
Methods, systems, and apparatus to determine the presence of a disease condition in a medical patient by evaluating conductivity information. In some embodiments, point-attributes values may be obtained from conductivity data sets. This data may be compared to previously determined data, such as threshold values. In some embodiments, z-scores may be determined to combine a plurality of point-attribute values in formulation of a composite score for a patient. In some embodiments, z-scores may be weighted by overall accuracy of the point-attribute in predicting presence of the disease.
1. A method to diagnose lung cancer in a medical patient, the method comprising:
providing a measurement device operable to measure conductivity between at least one reference point and at least one interrogation point on the body of a patient;
measuring the conductivity between at least one reference point and at least one interrogation point to obtain at least one data set;
comparing at least one value obtained from the at least one data set to at least one value in a previously-determined corresponding data set to assess the likelihood of the patient having lung cancer, wherein the measurement device is configured to provide computerized control of contact pressure between a measurement electrode tip and the surface of the body of the patient, and
increasing the contact pressure between the measurement electrode tip and the surface of the body of the patient until a plot of a conductivity index over time exhibits a slope at or near zero.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of measuring the conductivity comprises measuring the conductivity between the at least one reference point and the at least one interrogation point to obtain at least one data set as a function of time.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one value in a previously-determined corresponding data set comprises a threshold value indicative of a likelihood of the patient having lung cancer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of increasing the contact pressure between the measurement electrode tip and the surface of the body is automatically performed by the measurement device.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the measurement device is further configured to, upon detecting that a plot of the conductivity index over time exhibits a slope at or near zero, automatically maintain the contact pressure substantially constant over a period of time.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the conductivity between at least one second reference point and a plurality of interrogation points to obtain a plurality of data sets.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein each of the plurality of data sets comprises conductivity values as a function of time.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising developing a composite score for a patient indicative of a likelihood of the patient having lung cancer.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the composite score is developed by converting a portion of obtained point-attribute values to corresponding z-scores, and combining the z-scores.
10. A system for assisting in making a diagnosis of a disease condition in a medical patient, the system comprising:
a measurement device in communication with the computer assembly and configured to measure conductivity of the body of a patient between at least one ground point and at least one measurement point to obtain a conductivity data set corresponding to each such measurement, wherein the measurement device is configured to increase the contact pressure between a tip of the measurement device and the surface of the body of the patient until a plot of a conductivity index over time exhibits a slope at or near zero;
an extraction module operating on a processor of the computer assembly to extract point-attribute values from at least one data set; and
a comparison module operating on a processor of the computer assembly to compare at least one attribute value obtained from at least one data set to a previously determined data set to provide an indication of whether the patient likely has a disease condition.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a conversion module to convert a portion of obtained point-attribute values to corresponding z-scores.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the conversion module is further configured to weight each z-score by a corresponding predetermined accuracy and combine each weighted z-score to develop a composite score for a patient.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the system is configured to provide a composite score displayable on the display terminal that provides an indication of a likelihood that the patient has the disease condition.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the disease condition comprises cancer.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the measurement device is configured to measure conductivity of the body of a patient between at least one ground point and at least one measurement point as a function of time.
16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the comparison module is configured to compare at least one attribute value obtained from at least one data set to a previously determined corresponding attribute threshold to provide an indication of whether the patient likely has a disease condition.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the comparison module is configured to compare at least one attribute value obtained from at least one data set to the previously determined corresponding attribute threshold in a table look-up operation to provide an indication of whether the patient likely has a disease condition.
18. The system of claim 10 , wherein the measurement device is configured to provide computer control of contact pressure between a measurement electrode tip and a surface of the body at a measurement point.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the computer control comprises real-time conductivity measurement in a feedback loop effective to adjust the contact pressure.
20. The system of claim 10 , wherein the system is configured to display visible prompts on the display terminal corresponding to ground and measurement points.