Biomarkers and methods for determining sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor modulators
EGFR biomarkers useful in a method for predicting the likelihood that a mammal that will respond therapeutically to a method of treating cancer comprising administering an EGFR modulator, wherein the method comprises (a) measuring in the mammal the level of at least one biomarker selected from epiregulin and amphiregulin, (b) exposing a biological sample from the mammal to the EGFR modulator, and (c) following the exposing of step (b), measuring in the biological sample the level of the at least one biomarker, wherein an increase in the level of the at least one biomarker measured in step (c) compared to the level of the at least one biomarker measured in step (a) indicates an increased likelihood that the mammal will respond therapeutically to the method of treating cancer.
1. A method for predicting the likelihood a mammal that has a wild-type K-ras will respond therapeutically to a method of treating colorectal cancer with a therapy that comprises administering an anti-EGFR antibody that inhibits binding of EGF to EGFR, wherein the method for predicting comprises measuring the mRNA expression level of both epiregulin and amphiregulin biomarkers in a colorectal cancer sample of said mammal,
wherein an increase in the level of said biomarkers relative to a predetermined level of said biomarkers in a colorectal cancer sample indicates an increased likelihood the mammal will respond therapeutically to said method of treating colorectal cancer.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of measuring at least one additional biomarker selected from Table 1.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said colorectal cancer sample is a tissue sample comprising colorectal cancer cells and said tissue is fixed, paraffin-embedded, fresh, or frozen.
4. The method of claim 1 that further comprises the step of determining whether said colorectal cancer sample has the presence of a mutated K-RAS, wherein detection of a mutated K-RAS indicates a decreased likelihood the mammal will respond therapeutically to said method of treating colorectal cancer.
5. The method according to a claim 1 , wherein said mammal is human.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said mammal is selected from the group consisting of: rat, mouse, dog, rabbit, pig sheep, cow, horse, cat, primate, and monkey.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said anti-EGFR antibody is selected from the group consisting of a monoclonal, polyclonal or single chain antibody.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab.
9. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising the step of administering said anti-EGFR antibody to said mammal if the level of said biomarkers is increased relative to a predetermined level of said biomarkers in a colorectal cancer sample, wherein said anti-EGFR antibody inhibits binding of EGF to EGFR.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said anti-EGFR antibody is panitumumab.
11. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising the step of administering said anti-EGFR antibody to said mammal if the level of said biomarkers is increased relative to a predetermined level of said biomarkers in a colorectal cancer sample, wherein said anti-EGFR antibody inhibits binding of EGF to EGFR.
12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of administering said anti-EGFR antibody to said mammal if the level of said biomarkers is increased relative to a predetermined level of said biomarkers in a colorectal cancer sample, wherein said anti-EGFR antibody inhibits binding of EGF to EGFR.
13. A method for predicting the likelihood a mammal that has a wild-type K-ras will respond therapeutically to a method of treating colorectal cancer comprising administering an anti-EGFR antibody that inhibits binding of EGF to EGFR, wherein the method comprises:
(a) measuring the mRNA expression level of both epiregulin and amphiregulin biomarkers in a colorectal cancer sample of said mammal;
(b) administering an anti-EGFR antibody to said mammal, wherein said anti-EGFR antibody inhibits binding of EGF to EGFR;
(c) following the administering step (b), measuring in a biological sample of said mammal the mRNA expression level of said biomarkers,
wherein an increase in the level said biomarkers measured in step (c) compared to the level of said biomarkers measured in step (a) indicates an increased likelihood the mammal will respond therapeutically to said method of treating colorectal cancer.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said anti-EGFR antibody is selected from the group consisting of: a monoclonal, polyclonal or single chain antibody.