Methods and compositions for increasing the anaerobic working capacity in tissues
Provided are compositions comprising beta-alanylhistidine peptides and/or beta-alanines, and methods for administering these peptides and amino acids. In one aspect, the compositions and methods cause an increase in the blood plasma concentrations of beta-alanine and/or creatine.
1. A method of regulating hydronium ion concentrations in a tissue of a non- human subject, comprising:
a) providing to the non-human subject an amount of an amino acid to blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the tissue, wherein said amino acid is at least one of:
i) beta-alanine that is not part of a dipeptide, polypeptide or oligopeptide;
ii) an ester of beta-alanine that is not part of a dipeptide, polypeptide or oligopeptide; or
iii) an amide of beta-alanine that is not part of a dipeptide, polypeptide or oligopeptide; and
b) exposing the tissue to the blood or blood plasma, whereby the concentration of beta-alanylhistidine is increased in the tissue,
wherein the amino acid is provided through a dietary supplement, and
wherein the non-human subject is not a horse.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing an amount of L-histidine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the tissue.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing a concentration of creatine in the tissue.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising providing an amount of L-histidine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the tissue.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein increasing the amount of creatine in the tissue includes providing an amount of creatine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase the concentration of creatine in the tissue.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising providing an amount of L-histidine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the non-human blood tissue.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the providing step is by ingestion.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the providing step is by infusion.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is a skeletal muscle.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-human subject is a camelid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-human subject is a canine.
12. A method to avoid or delay the onset of muscular fatigue in a subject, comprising:
a) providing to the subject an amount of an amino acid to blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in muscle tissue, wherein said amino acid is at least one of:
i) beta-alanine that is not part of a dipeptide, polypeptide or oligopeptide;
ii) an ester of beta-alanine that is not part of a dipeptide, polypeptide or oligopeptide; or
iii) an amide of beta-alanine that is not part of a dipeptide, polypeptide or oligopeptide; and
b) exposing the muscle tissue to the blood or blood plasma, whereby the concentration of beta-alanylhistidine is increased in the muscle tissue, thereby avoiding or delaying the onset of muscular fatigue,
wherein the amino acid is provided as a dietary supplement, and
wherein the subject is not a horse.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising providing an amount of L-histidine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the muscle tissue.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising increasing a concentration of creatine in the muscle tissue.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising providing an amount of L-histidine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase beta-alanylhistidine dipeptide synthesis in the muscle tissue.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein increasing the amount of creatine in the muscle tissue includes providing an amount of creatine to the blood or blood plasma effective to increase the concentration of creatine in the muscle tissue.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the providing steps is by ingestion.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the providing step is by infusion.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the subject is a human.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the subject is a camelid.
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the subject is a canine.