AMPK modulation as a method of regulating stem cell and cancer stem cell proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation
Methods are disclosed for decreasing stem cell proliferation, including cancer stem cell proliferation. These methods comprise administering to stem cells inhibitors of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Methods for promoting stem cell growth by increasing stem cell proliferation, self-renewal and/or differentiation are also disclosed. These methods comprise administering AMPK activators to stem cells. Methods of achieving selective differentiation of stem cells are also disclosed. These methods comprise administering small molecules to stem cells that modulate AMPK activity. Applications of these methods are also disclosed, such as methods of increasing numbers of neuronal progenitor cells. These methods can be used therapeutically, such as for repair of spinal cord injuries, or for stimulating neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and other cell-based therapies. The methods can also be used for screening of compounds that can be activators or inhibitors of AMPK activity.
1. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK activator, the method comprising:
providing a cell culture comprising neural stem cells expressing a) AMPK and b) a polypeptide comprising an Rb phosphorylation site;
contacting the cells with a candidate compound; and
detecting an increase in phosphorylation of the Rb phosphorylation site,
whereby an increase in Rb phosphorylation indicates that the compound may be an AMPK activator.
2. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK activator in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide comprising an Rb phosphorylation site comprises amino acid sequence ISPLKSPYKI (SEQ ID NO.: 1).
3. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK activator in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the detecting an increase in phosphorylation of the Rb phosphorylation site comprises contacting the polypeptide with an antibody against the polypeptide comprising the Rb phosphorylation site.
4. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK activator in accordance with claim 3 , wherein the antibody against the polypeptide comprising the Rb phosphorylation site is a phospho-specific antibody.
5. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK activator in accordance with claim 3 , wherein the antibody is an antibody against pRbSer 800/804 .
6. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK activator in accordance with claim 3 , wherein the antibody against the polypeptide comprising the Rb phosphorylation site is a pan antibody.
7. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK inhibitor, the method comprising:
providing a cell culture comprising neural stem cells expressing a) AMPK and b) a polypeptide comprising an Rb phosphorylation site;
contacting the cells with a candidate compound; and
detecting a decrease in phosphorylation of the Rb phosphorylation site,
whereby a decrease in Rb phosphorylation indicates that the compound may be an AMPK inhibitor.
8. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK inhibitor in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the polypeptide comprising an Rb phosphorylation site comprises amino acid sequence ISPLKSPYKI (SEQ ID NO.: 1).
9. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK inhibitor in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the detecting an decrease in phosphorylation of the Rb phosphorylation site comprises contacting the polypeptide with an antibody against the polypeptide comprising the Rb phosphorylation site.
10. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK inhibitor in accordance with claim 9 , wherein the antibody against the polypeptide comprising the Rb phosphorylation site is a phospho-specific antibody.
11. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK inhibitor in accordance with claim 9 , wherein the antibody is an antibody against pRbSer 800/804 .
12. A method of screening a compound for activity as an AMPK inhibitor in accordance with claim 9 , wherein the antibody against the polypeptide comprising the Rb phosphorylation site is a pan antibody.