Methods and apparatus for assessing and monitoring the capability and quality of a color reproduction system
A color reproduction system comprises a color imaging output device (e.g., monitor, printer, etc.) and its device characterization (e.g., ICC profile, device link, etc.). A method for assessing the capability and accuracy of a color reproduction system is presented. This method may be used to assess the fit between a color reproduction system and its intended use (e.g., proofing, production, etc.). In addition, it may be used to monitor the color accuracy of a color reproduction system over time, thus informing users of the need to recalibrate and/or recharacterize the system.
1. A method for assessment of the theoretical color accuracy of a color imaging output device having a device characterization, comprising the steps of:
(a) inputting a target file and said device characterization into a color management module, wherein said target file comprises image elements each having a color aim;
(b) processing said color aim for said image elements and said device characterization in said color management module to produce a device color definition for each of said color aim;
(c) evaluating said device color definition for each of said color aim according to the steps of:
(i) converting said device color definition to a color value by using the color model represented in the device characterization, and
(ii) comparing said color value of said device color definition to said color aim, and calculating a color error between said color aim and said device color definition for each of said selected image elements, and
(iii) analyzing said comparisons of step (ii) to produce a quantitative assessment of theoretical color accuracy;
wherein said color error is the Euclidian distance ΔE* ab between said color aim as L 1 *, a l *, b 1 * and said device color definition as L 2 *, a 2 *, b 2 *, wherein said ΔE* ab is determined according to the formula:
Δ E* ab =√{square root over (( L 2 *−L 1 *) 2 +( a 2 *−a 1 *) 2 +( b 2 *−b 1 *) 2 )}{square root over (( L 2 *−L 1 *) 2 +( a 2 *−a 1 *) 2 +( b 2 *−b 1 *) 2 )}{square root over (( L 2 *−L 1 *) 2 +( a 2 *−a 1 *) 2 +( b 2 *−b 1 *) 2 )}; and
wherein the analyzing step (ii) is conducted according to the steps of:
(I) selecting one or more image elements from said target file for the purpose of calculating a quantitative assessment of color accuracy;
(II) determining the number of acceptable matches by counting the number of selected image elements having a color error less than or equal to a defined color threshold;
(III) further selecting neutral image elements from selected image elements, wherein said selected image elements have a value for L* greater than or equal to 25, a value for a* equal to 0, and a value for b* equal to 0;
(IV) calculating a neutral error by averaging said color errors for said selected neutral image elements, and
(V) combining said number of acceptable matches and said neutral error to produce said quantitative assessment of color accuracy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis step (ii) is conducted according to the steps of:
(a) calculating a neutral error by averaging said color errors for a selected group of image elements, and
(b) determining the number of acceptable matches by counting the number of image elements having a color error less than or equal to a defined threshold, and
(c) combining said number of acceptable matches and said neutral error to produce said quantitative assessment of color quality.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said color aim of each of said image elements is in a device independent color space, said device independent color space is L*a*b* color space, said L*a*b* color space is L 1 *, a 1 *, b 1 *.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein processing step (b) includes converting said device color definition to L*a*b* color space, said L*a*b* color space is L 2 *, a 2 *, b 2 *.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the comparison step (i) comprises the step of calculating a color error between said color aim (L 1 *, a 1 *, b 1 *) and said device color definition (L 2 *, a 2 *, b 2 *) for each of said image elements.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said defined color threshold in step (II) is less or equal to 2.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the combining step (V) is determined by dividing said number of acceptable matches by said neutral error to produce said quantitative assessment of color accuracy.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said color is measured with a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer to produce said device color definition of calculating step (i).
9. A method for assessment of the color accuracy of a color imaging output device having a device characterization, comprising the steps of:
(a) inputting a target file into a color management module, said target file comprises image elements each having a color aim;
(b) processing said target file and said device characterization in a color management module to produce a device color definition for each of said image elements;
(c) analyzing said device color definitions according to the steps of:
(i) selecting one or more image elements;
(ii) calculating a color error between said color aim and said device color definition for each of said selected image elements;
(iii) determining the number of acceptable matches by counting the number of selected image elements having a color error less than or equal to a defined threshold;
(iv) selecting neutral image elements from selected image elements having a value for L* greater than or equal to 25, a value for a* equal to 0 and a value for b* equal to 0; and
(v) calculating a neutral error by averaging said color errors for said selected neutral image elements; and
(vi) combining said number of acceptable matches and said neutral error to produce said quantitative assessment of color accuracy.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said image elements comprise an image element having a neutral tone as said color aim, an image element having a color of low saturation as said color aim, an image element having a color of high saturation as said color aim, an image element having a color that is repeated as said color aim, or combinations thereof.
11. The method claim 10 , wherein said device color definition for each of said image elements referenced in processing step (b) is obtained by printing said image element on paper and measuring the color of said printed image element.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said color is measured with a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer to produce said device color definition of calculating step (i).
13. The method claim 9 , wherein said device color definition for each of said image elements referenced in processing step (b) is obtained by displaying said image element on a color monitor and measuring the color of said displayed image element.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein each of said image elements have a color aim in a device independent color space.
15. A computer product for assessing the color accuracy of a color imaging output device having a color characterization, comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program executes the method of claim 9 to produce a quantitative assessment of color accuracy.
16. A method for adjusting a color reproduction system which comprises a digital printer, a device characterization and a file processing path, comprising the steps of:
(a) inputting a target file into a color management module of the file processing path, said target file comprises image elements having a color aim;
(b) processing said target file and said device characterization in a color management module to produce a device color definition for each of said image elements;
(c) printing the device color definition using said digital printer;
(d) analyzing the print of said image elements of said device color definitions according to the steps of:
(i) calculating a color error between said color aim and said device color definition for each of said image elements;
(ii) determining the number of acceptable matches by counting the number of image elements having a color error less than or equal to a defined threshold;
(iii) selecting neutral image elements from image elements having a value for L* greater than or equal to 25, a value for a* equal to 0 and a value for b* equal to 0; and
(iv) calculating a neutral error by averaging said color error for said selected neutral image elements; and
(v) combining said number of acceptable matches and said neutral error to produce a quantitative assessment of color accuracy;
(e) adjusting at least one of (i) said digital printer, (ii) said device characterization, and
(iii) said file processing path based on the quantitative assessment of color accuracy.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the adjusting step includes adjusting the calibration of said color imaging output device or adjusting the settings of said color imaging output device.