Production of magnesium metal
A process of producing magnesium metal includes providing magnesium carbonate, and reacting the magnesium carbonate to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The carbon dioxide is used as a reactant in a second process. In another embodiment of the process, a magnesium silicate is reacted with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is reacted with a source of carbon dioxide to produce magnesium carbonate. The magnesium carbonate is reacted to produce a magnesium-containing compound and carbon dioxide. The magnesium-containing compound is reacted to produce magnesium metal. The invention also relates to the magnesium metal produced by the processes described herein.
1. A process of producing magnesium metal comprising:
(a) reacting a magnesium silicate with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide;
(b) reacting carbon dioxide with an alkali-metal silicate to produce silica and alkali-metal bicarbonate;
(c) reacting the alkali-metal bicarbonate with the magnesium hydroxide to produce alkali-metal carbonate and magnesium carbonate;
(d) reacting the alkali-metal carbonate with an alkaline-earth metal hydroxide to form a carbonate of the alkaline-earth metal and a caustic hydroxide of the alkali metal;
(e) calcining the alkaline-earth metal carbonate to form an oxide of the alkaline-earth metal and carbon dioxide;
(f) reacting the alkaline-earth metal oxide with water to substantially regenerate the alkaline-earth metal hydroxide consumed in step (d); and
(g) reacting the magnesium carbonate from step (c) in one or more reaction steps to produce magnesium metal.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the magnesium silicate comprises serpentine and/or olivine.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the reaction (b) is conducted at a pressure not greater than about 50 bars above the vapor pressure of pure water for the temperature of the reaction.
4. A process of producing magnesium metal comprising:
(a) reacting a magnesium silicate with sodium hydroxide to produce magnesium hydroxide;
(b) reacting the magnesium hydroxide with sodium bicarbonate to produce magnesium carbonate and sodium carbonate;
(c) reacting the magnesium carbonate in one or more reactions to produce magnesium metal;
(d) reacting the sodium carbonate with a metal hydroxide to produce sodium hydroxide; and
(e) recycling the sodium hydroxide from step (d) into step (a).
5. The process according to claim 4 wherein the metal hydroxide of step (d) is calcium hydroxide.
6. A process of producing magnesium metal comprising:
reacting a magnesium-containing compound in an industrial-scale reactor to produce magnesium metal; and
a later step of the process producing carbon dioxide that is recycled back to an earlier step of the process so that the overall process has substantially no net production of carbon dioxide.
7. A process of producing magnesium metal comprising:
(a) reacting a magnesium silicate with a caustic material to produce magnesium hydroxide;
(b) calcining the magnesium hydroxide to magnesium oxide; and
(c) forming magnesium metal electrolytically from the magnesium oxide.
8. Net reaction products produced by the process defined in claim 1 , the net reaction products consisting of magnesium metal, water, oxygen and silicon dioxide and excluding other materials.