Ultra-passivation of chromium-containing alloy and methods of producing same
The invention concerns article having a surface oxide layer up to 20 nm thick, the surface oxide layer comprising chromium and cobalt oxides where the atomic ratio of Cr/Co is more than 3. The invention also concerns methods for treating a chromium containing material, said method comprising contacting said material with a gas plasma under conditions effective to oxidize at least a portion of the material; and contacting said material with an acid. The treated surface is corrosion resistant and can be used in orthopedic implants, especially the wear surface of the orthopedic implant to reduce wear, and other corrosive environment.
1. A method for treating a chromium containing component of an orthopedic implant, said method comprising:
contacting said component with a gas plasma under conditions effective to oxidize at least a portion of the component; and
contacting said component with an acid to form a treated component;
wherein the treated component has a surface oxide layer comprising chromium and cobalt oxides where said surface oxide layer is 2.5-8 nm thick and the atomic ratio of Cr/Co ratio >3.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said component is contacted with said gas plasma before it is contacted with said acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said component is contacted with said acid both before and after said component is contacted with said gas plasma.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid includes nitric acid or hydrochloric acid.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein contacting said component with a acid utilizes an acid concentration of 2-8 M, for 20 min to 2 hr, at a temperature of 0° C.-90° C.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the time is 30-60 min, temperature is 20° C.-60° C., and the acid concentration is 3-6 M.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas plasma is derived from a gas comprising oxygen.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the gas comprising oxygen is: O 2 , H 2 O or H 2 O 2 .
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the gas comprising oxygen is O 2 .
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component is contacted with the gas plasma for about 5 to about 120 minutes.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the component is contacted with the gas plasma using a flow rate of 150-350 sccm and a pressure 200 mTorr-400 mTorr.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas plasma is derived from a gas comprising oxidative gases and inert gases.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the oxidative gases comprise oxygen and inert gases comprise Ar and He.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the gas plasma comprises at least 3% (v/v) percent oxidative gas.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting said component with the gas plasma is performed at a power of about 100 to about 1000 watts.
16. The method of claim 15 where the power is 800-1000 watts.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component includes a CoCrMo alloy.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said component has a surface oxide layer up to 20 nm thick.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said Cr/Co ratio is 3-7.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said component is a component of a joint replacement prosthesis.
21. The method of claim 1 , where said component is a component of a hip or knee replacement prosthesis.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface is at a wear interface.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is citric acid.