Wide-angle highly reflective mirrors at 193NM
The invention is directed to highly reflective optical elements having an amorphous MgAl 2 O 4− SiO 2 coating with fluoride enhancements inserted and sealed by dense smooth SiO 2 layers, and to a method for preparing such elements using energetic deposition techniques and the spinel crystalline form of MgAl 2 O 4 as the source of the amorphous MgAl 2 O 4 coating, The coating and the method described herein can be used to make highly reflective mirrors, and can also be applied to beamsplitters, prisms, lenses, output couplers and similar elements used in <200 nm laser systems.
1. An optical element comprising a selected substrate and an amorphous coating of formula (H o L o ) i H o on said substrate,
wherein
(H o L o ) i is a stack of a plurality i of coating periods consisting of a H o layer and a L o layer on said substrate,
i is in the range of 14-20,
H o is amorphous MgAl 2 O 4 and
L o is amorphous SiO 2 ,
to thereby form an amorphous stack comprising alternating layers of amorphous MgAl 2 O 4 and amorphous SiO 2 on said substrate, wherein the H o layer of the first period is in contact with the substrate.
2. The coating according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the stack is in the range of 600 nm to 1200 nm.
3. The coating according to claim 1 , the thickness of the stack is in the range of 860 nm to 1200 nm.
4. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein:
said element is a mirror;
said amorphous coating of formula (H o L o ) i H o has a thickness in the range of 860 nm to 1200 nm; and
said substrate is selected from the group consisting of
(a) alkaline earth metal fluoride single crystals,
(b) silica, fused silica, and F-doped fused silica
(c) aluminum, titanium, Si and Si 3 N 4 , and
(d) silica, fused silica, and F-doped fused silica, each of which has a metallic coating thereon.
5. The optical element according to claim 4 , wherein said element further comprises a capping coating of an amorphous material selected from the group consisting of amorphous SiO 2 , F-doped SiO 2 and fused silica, said capping coating being on top of said (H o L o ) i H o coating.
6. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is an alkaline earth metal fluoride single crystal substrate, the thickness of the amorphous (H o L o ) i H o coating is in the range of 860 nm to 1200 nm, and a capping coating of an amorphous material selected from the group consisting of amorphous SiO 2 , F-doped SiO 2 and fused silica is placed on top of said amorphous (H o L o ) i H o .
7. The optical element according to claim 6 , wherein said substrate is CaF 2 .
8. An optical element consisting of:
a selected substrate having a first coating having a formula (H o L o ) i H o , a second coating of formula (L f H f ) j 2M o on top of said first coating, and a third coating of formula (L f H f ) k 2M o on top of said second coating;
wherein (H o L 0 ) i is a stack consisting of a plurality i of periods H o L o on said substrate, i is in the range of 14-20, H o is amorphous MgAl 2 O 4 , L o is amorphous SiO 2 and the H o layer of the first period is in contact with the substrate; and
(L f H f ) j is a stack formed on top of (H o L o ) i H o and is a plurality j of periods L f H f formed by alternating layers where L f is the first layer and H f is the second layer, j is an integer in the range of 2 to 6, and 2M o is a coating on top of said (L f H f ) j stack; and
(L f H f ) k is a stack formed on top of (L f H f ) j 2M o and is a plurality k of periods L f H f formed by alternating layers where L f is the first layer and H f is the second layer, k is an integer in the range of 2 to 6 on top of said (L f H f ) k coating, and a 2M o is a coating on top of said (L f H f ) k stack; and
L f is a low refractive index metal fluoride and H f is a high refractive index metal fluoride, and 2M o is an oxide material selected from the group consisting of silica, fused silica and F-doped fused silica.
9. The optical element according to claim 8 , wherein:
said element is a mirror;
said substrate is selected from the group consisting of
alkaline earth metal fluoride single crystals,
silica, fused silica, and F-doped fused silica
aluminum, titanium, Si and Si 3 N 4 , and
silica, fused silica, and F-doped fused silica having a metallic coating thereon; and
said amorphous coating of formula (H o L o ) i H o has a thickness in the range of 860 nm to 1200 m.
10. The optical element according to claim 8 , wherein:
the substrate is an alkaline earth metal fluoride single crystal substrate,
the thickness of the amorphous (H o L o ) i H o coating is in the range of 860 nm to 1200 nm;
in each layer of stacks (L f H f ) j and (L f H f ) k , the thickness of L f is in the range of 30 nm to 50 nm and the thickness of H f is in the range of 20-40 nm, and the thickness of the stacks is in the range of 140 nm to 420 nm.
11. The optical element according to claim 10 , wherein the optical element is a mirror and the substrate is CaF 2 .
12. An optical element comprising of:
a selected substrate having a first coating of formula (H o L o ) i H o , a second coating of formula (L f H f ) j 2M o on top of said first coating, and a third coating of formula H f (L f H f ) k 2M o on top of said second coating;
wherein (H o L o ) i is a stack consisting of a plurality i of coating periods H o L o on said substrate, i is in the range of 14-20, H o is amorphous MgAl 2 O 4 , L o is amorphous SiO 2 and the H o layer of the first period is in contact with the substrate; and
(L f H f ) j is a stack formed on top of (H o L o ) i H o and is a plurality j of periods L f H f formed by alternating layers where L f is the first layer and H f is the second layer, j is an integer in the range of 2 to 6, and 2M o is a coating on top of said (L f H f ) j stack;
H f is a first high refractive index metal fluoride layer formed on top of the second coating, and
(L f H f ) k is a stack, formed on top of said first high refractive index layer H f , of a plurality k of periods L f H f formed by alternating layers where L f is the first layer and H f is the second layer, k is an integer in the range of 2 to 6, and a 2M o is a coating on top of said (L f H f ) k stack; and
wherein L f is a low refractive index metal fluoride and H f is a high refractive index metal fluoride, and 2M o is an oxide material selected from the group consisting of silica, fused silica and F-doped fused silica.
13. The optical element according to claim 12 , wherein:
said element is a mirror;
said substrate is selected from the group consisting of
alkaline earth metal fluoride single crystals,
silica, fused silica, and F-doped fused silica
aluminum, titanium, Si and Si 3 N 4 , and
silica, fused silica, and F-doped fused silica having a metallic coating thereon; and
said amorphous coating of formula (H o L o ) i H o has a thickness in the range of 860 nm to 1200 m.
14. The optical element according to claim 12 , wherein the substrate is an alkaline earth metal fluoride single crystal substrate,
and the thickness of the amorphous (H o L o ) i H o coating is in the range of 860 nm to 1200 nm;
in each period of stacks (L f H f ) j and (L f H f ) k , the thickness of L f is in the range of 30 nm to 50 nm and the thickness of H f is in the range of 20-40 nm, and the thickness of stacks is in the rage of 140 nm to 420 nm.
15. The optical element according to claim 14 , wherein the optical element is a mirror and the substrate is CaF 2 .