Comb (block) copolymers
The present invention relates to comb (block) copolymers obtainable by reacting I at least one (block) copolymer comprising polymerized, optionally substituted styrene and maleic anhydride units, which copolymer has been obtained by living, free-radical polymerization, with II at least one polyalkylene oxide monoamine comprising a primary amino end group at a reaction temperature of ≧150° C. and by subsequent salification of at least 25 mol % of the free carboxyl groups of the reaction product at a reaction temperature of <100° C. and optionally after addition of H 2 O and to the use of these comb copolymers as wetting agents and dispersants.
1. A comb (block) copolymer obtained by reacting
I at least one (block) copolymer comprising polymerized, optionally substituted styrene and maleic anhydride units, which copolymer has been obtained by controlled free-radical polymerization,
with
II at least one polyalkylene oxide monoamine comprising a primary amino end group at a reaction temperature of ≧150° C. and by subsequent salification of at least 25 mol % of the free carboxyl groups of the reaction product at a reaction temperature of <100° C. and optionally after addition of H 2 O.
2. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein (block) copolymer I is obtained by C-RAFT polymerization.
3. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 wherein (block) copolymer I has an alternating, gradient-type or block-type structure of the optionally substituted styrene/maleic anhydride units.
4. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein (block) copolymer I has a molar ratio of the optionally substituted styrene to maleic anhydride units of from 1:1 to 8:1.
5. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein during the reaction at the reaction temperature of ≧150° C., only a part of the polyalkylene oxide monoamine comprising a primary amino end group is reacted.
6. Comb (block) copolymer according to claim 5 , wherein at least 50% by weight of the polyalkylene oxide monoamine comprising a primary amino end group is reacted at ≧150° C.
7. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the polyalkylene oxide monoamine component comprising a primary amino end group is made up of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units.
8. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 7 , wherein the molar ratio of the ethylene oxide units to the propylene oxide units is 5:95 to 100:0.
9. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the first part of the total amount of the polyalkylene oxide monoamine comprising a primary amino end group is added during the reaction at ≧150° C. and the remainder is added, optionally with the addition of a tertiary monoamine, after lowering the reaction temperature to below 100° C.
10. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the salification is carried out with the addition of a further amino component.
11. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 10 , wherein said further amino component is at least one polyalkylene oxide monoamine which comprises a primary amino end group and is different from the polyalkylene oxide monoamine which comprises a primary amino end group and has already been used for the reaction, optionally mixed with a tertiary monoamine.
12. A comb (block) copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein water is added for the salification.
13. Wetting agent and dispersant comprising a comb (block) copolymer of claim 1 .
14. A method for wetting solids and dispersing them in a carrier medium, which comprises introducing a comb (block) copolymer of claim 1 into said carrier medium and stirring the solids into the medium.
15. Method of claim 14 , wherein said solids are pigments and/or fillers.
16. A process for production and/or processing of pigment concentrates or pigment pastes, which comprises the method of claim 15 .
17. A process for the production and/or processing of coating materials, printing inks, inks for inkjet processes, paper coatings, leather and/or textile dyes, ceramics or cosmetic preparations, which comprises the method of claim 15 .
18. A process for the production and/or processing of casting and/or moulding compositions comprised of synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural polymers, which comprises the method of claim 15 .
19. Method of claim 15 , further comprising the addition of binders to said medium.
20. Coating materials, pastes or moulding compositions containing at least one comb (block) copolymer of claim 1 as wetting agent and dispersant, at least one pigment, optionally an organic or aqueous medium, optionally at least one binder and/or optionally further conventional auxiliary substances and optionally at least one further wetting agent and dispersant.
21. A pigment, the surface of which is modified by at least one comb (block) copolymer of claim 1 .
22. The comb (block) copolymer of claim 2 , wherein said polymerization is conducted in the presence of 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene as chain-transfer compound.
23. The comb (block) copolymer of claim 4 , wherein said molar ratio of the optionally substituted styrene to maleic anhydride units is from 1:1 to 2:1.
24. The comb (block) copolymer of claim 8 , wherein said molar ratio of the ethylene oxide units to the propylene oxide units is from 30:70 to 70:30.