Fibre-reinforced joint
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fiber-reinforced laminate ( 101 ), which laminate comprises at least one area on the surface of the laminate configured with projecting fibers for being joined to one or more other elements. This is accomplished by arrangement of a hybrid mat ( 505 ) most distally in the laminate which comprises at least two layers with fibers ( 105 ) transversally across the joining face ( 402 ) of the layers. The outermost layer ( 301 ) of the hybrid mat is removed prior to joining, whereas the innermost layer ( 506 ) of the hybrid mat remains a constituent of the laminate ( 101 ). The invention relates to different methods of causing fibers to project from the surface of the laminate, said fibers thus having a reinforcing effect on the joints. The invention also relates to a laminate manufactured by the disclosed methods and a blade for a wind power plant comprising such laminate.
1. A method of manufacturing a laminate which includes one or more fibre-reinforced laminate layers, said method comprising:
placing a fibrous innermost layer of a hybrid mat against a laminate surface area, said hybrid mat comprising at least two layers, including the innermost layer and an outermost layer, and the hybrid mat further comprising fibres extending transversally across a joining face of the at least two layers and into the outermost layer of the hybrid mat,
applying resin and curing so that the hybrid mat is joined to the laminate surface area, and
removing at least the outermost layer of the hybrid mat prior to joining the laminate with one or more other elements, wherein at least the innermost layer of the hybrid mat and the fibres remain connected to the laminate surface area following removal of the outermost layer of the hybrid mat, so that the fibers are embedded in and project out of said innermost layer.
2. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the hybrid mat is manufactured by Z-pinning the fibres transversally across the joining face of the layers in the hybrid mat.
3. A method of manufacturing a laminate according, to claim 1 , wherein the hybrid mat is manufactured by needle-punching through the innermost layer of the hybrid mat, which is the fibrous layer in the hybrid mat, and into the outermost layer of the hybrid mat for producing the fibres transversally across the joining face of the layers in the hybrid mat.
4. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the hybrid mat is manufactured by pulling fibres from the innermost layer of the hybrid mat, which is the fibrous layer in the hybrid mat, into the outermost layer of the hybrid mat for producing the fibres transversally across of the joining face of the layers in the hybrid mat.
5. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the hybrid mat is manufactured by joining of at least two layers in the hybrid mat by sewing for providing the fibres transversally across the joining face of the layers in the hybrid mat.
6. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the hybrid mat is manufactured by draping of a fibrous layer into grooves in the outermost layer of the hybrid mat for providing the fibres transversally across the joining face of the layers in the hybrid mat.
7. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , wherein at least one layer of the hybrid mat is a rubber material.
8. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , wherein at least one layer of the hybrid mat is a foam-rubber material.
9. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 1 , comprising arranging at least one film between two layers of the at least two layers of the hybrid mat.
10. A fibre-reinforced laminate ( 101 ) manufactured according to the method of claim 1 , comprising:
one or more fibre-reinforced laminate layers ( 102 ) and at least one laminate surface area ( 103 ) configured for being joined to one or more other elements, the at least one laminate surface area ( 103 ) including fibres ( 105 ) projecting therefrom,
the laminate comprising the fibrous innermost layer ( 506 ) that remains from the application of the hybrid mat ( 505 ), disposed against the at least one laminate surface area ( 103 ), and wherein said fibres ( 105 ) are embedded in and project out of said innermost layer that remains from the application of said hybrid mat ( 505 ).
11. A laminate according to claim 10 , wherein parts of the fibres that project from the laminate surface area are at least partially impregnated.
12. A laminate according to claim 10 , wherein the fibres project from the laminate surface area in acute angles relative to a plane of the laminate surface area.
13. A blade for a wind power plant, comprising a laminate according to claim 10 .
14. A method of manufacturing a laminate according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one layer of the hybrid mat is expanded polypropylene.
15. The method of claim 1 , which further comprises joining the laminate surface area, having the innermost layer of the hybrid mat with the fibers projecting therefrom, with one or more other elements, resulting in the fiber-reinforced laminate layers.