Non-lethal payloads
Non-lethal payloads may be customized for particular uses and desired visual and audible incapacitation based upon the selection of igniter/activators and illuminants used with the non-lethal payloads. Non-lethal payloads employing high flame temperature igniter/activators and illuminants of powder metals, powdered metals combined with oxidizers, and powdered metals combined with heat-activated chromophores may produce improved “flashes” and “bangs” for non-lethal payloads used with diversionary or other devices. Such devices and methods of producing illuminance and noise are also disclosed.
1. A non-lethal payload, comprising:
an igniter/activator comprising a mixture of boron potassium nitrate and magnesium strontium nitrate, the boron potassium nitrate comprising a mixture of from 21.7% to 25.7% boron and from 68.7% to 72.7% potassium nitrate, and the magnesium strontium nitrate comprising a mixture of magnesium and strontium nitrate; and
a powdered illuminant consisting of magnesium,
wherein the igniter/activator and the powdered illuminant are separate compositions in contact with, but separately positioned from, one another in the non-lethal payload and wherein the igniter/activator is configured to directly ignite the powdered illuminant.
2. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the igniter/activator and the powdered illuminant are present in a ratio of about 1 to 5, respectively.
3. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the igniter/activator comprises a mixture of boron potassium nitrate and magnesium strontium nitrate in a weight ratio of about 50 percent boron potassium nitrate and about 50 percent magnesium strontium nitrate.
4. A non-lethal payload, comprising:
an igniter/activator comprising boron, potassium nitrate, magnesium, and strontium nitrate; and
a powdered illuminant consisting of magnesium and an oxidizer,
wherein the igniter/activator and the powdered illuminant are separate compositions in contact with, but separately positioned from, one another in the non-lethal payload and wherein the igniter/activator is configured to directly ignite the powdered illuminant.
5. The non-lethal payload of claim 4 , wherein the oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrate and strontium nitrate.
6. The non-lethal payload of claim 4 , wherein the oxidizer comprises from about 1 percent by weight to about 40 percent by weight of the powdered illuminant.
7. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein a layer of the igniter/activator overlies a layer of the powdered illuminant.
8. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the powdered illuminant surrounds the igniter/activator.
9. A non-lethal payload, comprising:
an igniter/activator consisting of a binder and a mixture of boron, potassium nitrate, magnesium, and strontium nitrate; and
a powdered illuminant consisting of magnesium,
wherein the igniter/activator and the powdered illuminant are separate compositions in contact with, but separately positioned from, one another in the non-lethal payload and wherein the igniter/activator is configured to directly ignite the powdered illuminant.
10. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the igniter/activator and the powdered illuminant are present in the non-lethal payload in a ratio of between about 1 to 20 and about 5 to 1.
11. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the igniter/activator further comprises a binder.
12. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the powdered illuminant consists of powdered magnesium.
13. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the igniter/activator comprises from about 5% to about 95% boron potassium nitrate and from about 5% to about 95% magnesium strontium nitrate.
14. The non-lethal payload of claim 1 , wherein the igniter/activator and the powdered illuminant are present in the non-lethal payload in a powdered illuminant to igniter/activator ratio of 6.70.