Method and apparatus for sensory stimulation
An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member ( 120 ). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes ( 106 ), each of which is provided with an insulator ( 108 ). When the body member ( 120 ) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator ( 108 ) is formed between the conducting electrode ( 106 ) and the body member ( 120 ). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component ( 114 ) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes ( 106 ) or insulators ( 108 ).
1. An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member, the apparatus comprising:
a transparent conducting electrode;
a voltage source for applying an electrical input to the transparent conducting electrode;
a transparent insulation layer between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member, the transparent insulation layer forming a capacitive coupling between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member to produce the electrosensory sensation on the body member that is proximate to the transparent insulation layer, the transparent insulation layer inhibiting a flow of direct current from the transparent conducting electrode to the body member, the transparent insulation layer having an outer surface and having a surface conductance; and
a coating of a material on the outer surface of the transparent insulation layer, the material having a different surface conductance that is lower than the surface conductance of the transparent insulation layer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a touch surface configured to be touched by the body member;
a circuitry configured to detect a presence or absence of the body member touching the touch surface at a position on the touch surface; and
a controller coupled to the circuitry, the transparent conducting electrode, and the voltage source, the controller being configured to modulate the electrical input applied to the transparent conducting electrode based on detection of the presence or the absence of the body member at the position to vary the electrosensory sensation.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the touch surface is part of a touch sensitive display, the transparent conducting electrode being integrated within the touch sensitive display to allow the electrosensory sensation to the body member touching the touch sensitive display.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the application of the electrical input to the transparent conducting electrode forms an alternating electric field that has an intensity peak between 100 V/mm and 100 kV/mm.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the material maintains the different surface conductance that is lower than the surface conductance of the transparent insulation layer when the coating of the material is exposed to at least one of moisture or impurity.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the transparent insulation layer is between 0.05 mm and 1 mm.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical input has a peak-to-peak voltage between 750 volts to 100,000 volts.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an amplifier coupled to the transparent conducting electrode and the voltage source.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a grounding electrode separate from the transparent conducting electrode, the grounding electrode being positioned to be touched by a different body member distinct from the body member to be stimulated.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the grounding electrode is configured to decrease a potential difference between a reference potential of the apparatus and the different body member.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conducting electrode is a semiconducting plate.
12. An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member, the apparatus comprising:
a touch surface configured to be touched by the body member;
a circuitry configured to detect a presence or absence of the body member touching the touch surface at a position on the touch surface;
a transparent conducting electrode;
a voltage source for applying an electrical input to the transparent conducting electrode;
a transparent insulation layer between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member, the transparent insulation layer forming a capacitive coupling between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member to produce the electrosensory sensation on the body member, the transparent insulation layer inhibiting a flow of direct current from the transparent conducting electrode to the body member; and
a controller coupled to the circuitry, the transparent conducting electrode, and the voltage source, the controller being configured to modulate the electrical input applied to the transparent conducting electrode based on detection of the presence or the absence of the body member at the position to vary the electrosensory sensation to create a sensation of texture on the touch surface.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the transparent insulation layer has an outer surface and has a surface conductance, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a coating of a material on the outer surface of the transparent insulation layer, the material having a different surface conductance that is lower than the surface conductance of the transparent insulation layer.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the controller is configured to communicate with a data processing equipment that provides at least one of prompting and feedback by way of the electrosensory sensation.
15. An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member, the apparatus comprising:
a transparent conducting electrode;
a voltage source for applying an electrical input to the transparent conducting electrode; and
multiple transparent insulation layers between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member, the multiple transparent insulation layers forming a capacitive coupling between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member to produce the electrosensory sensation on the body member that is proximate to the multiple transparent insulation layers, the multiple transparent insulation layers inhibiting a flow of direct current from the transparent conducting electrode to the body member, the multiple transparent insulation layers comprising a first transparent insulation layer and a second transparent insulation layer between the first transparent insulation layer and the body member, the first transparent insulation layer having a first surface conductance and the second transparent insulation layer having a second surface conductance that is lower than the first surface conductance.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the first transparent insulation layer is comprised of glass.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the second transparent insulation layer is comprised of a plastic film.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising a grounding electrode separate from the transparent conducting electrode, the grounding electrode being positioned to be touched by a different body member distinct from the body member to be stimulated.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the grounding electrode is configured to decrease a potential difference between a reference potential of the apparatus and the different body member.
20. An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member, the apparatus comprising:
a transparent conducting electrode;
a voltage source for applying an electrical input to the transparent conducting electrode; and
a transparent insulation layer between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member, the transparent insulation layer forming a capacitive coupling between the transparent conducting electrode and the body member to produce the electrosensory sensation on the body member that is proximate to the transparent insulation layer, the transparent insulation layer inhibiting a flow of direct current from the transparent conducting electrode to the body member, the transparent insulation layer having an outer surface and having a surface conductance, the outer surface being treated such that the outer surface has a different surface conductance that is lower than the surface conductance of the transparent insulation layer.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the outer surface maintains the different surface conductance that is lower than the surface conductance of the transparent insulation layer when the material is exposed to at least one of moisture or impurity.