Method for manufacturing at least part of a device for an earthmoving or materials-handling machine using austempered ductile iron and its named product
Method for manufacturing at least one part of a device for mounting directly or indirectly on an arm of an earth-moving or material-handling machine, such as an excavator, tractor, harvester, forwarder or crane, whereby the device enables coupling and/or positioning (tilt and/or turn) of a tool ( 14 ), such as a bucket, grapple, fork, vibratory compactor or harvesting head, relatively to the arm of the machine. The method includes the steps of: a) forming a melt including unalloyed or alloyed ductile iron, b) casting at least one part of a device from the melt, c) allowing the at least one part of the device to cool, d) austenitizing the at least one part of the device, e) quenching the at least one part of the device, f) austempering the at least one part of the device, and g) allowing the at least one part of the device to cool.
1. A method for manufacturing at least one part of a hydraulically operated tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) configured for mounting directly or indirectly on an arm ( 12 ) of an earth-moving or material-handling machine, the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) having been arranged to enable at least one of coupling, linear displacing or positioning by tilting or turning of a tool ( 14 ), and at least one surface ( 29 ) of said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) is arranged to make tribological contact with another component in the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ) or with a mating surface of said tool, when the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) is in use, the method comprising:
a) forming a melt comprising unalloyed or alloyed ductile iron;
b) casting at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ) from said melt;
c) allowing said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ) to cool;
d) austenizing said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 );
e) quenching said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ) to an austempering temperature;
f) austempering said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ), thereby allowing complete isothermal transformation to ausferrite; and
g) allowing said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ) to cool,
wherein the surface material ( 29 ) of said at least one part undergoes a transformation to martensite when said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or the rotator ( 26 ) is subjected to a high contact force during use, thus forming and subsequently regenerating a wear resistant surface to avoid adhesive wear and seizure.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises machining said tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) between step c) and step d).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) comprises a coupler, or is constituted by a coupler.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) comprises a tool displacement mechanism configured for at least one of rotating, tilting or linearly displacing said tool ( 14 ).
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) of the method comprises casting at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) in a single piece.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step a) includes forming said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) from an unalloyed or alloyed ductile iron with a high silicon content of 3.35 weight % to 4.60 weight %.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the step d) comprises austenitizing the ductile iron at a temperature of at least 910° C.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the steps a) through f) include:
in the step a) forming the melt comprising unalloyed or alloyed ductile iron with a silicon content of 3.35 weight % to 4.60 weight %,
in the step d) heat treating at least one part of said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) at a first temperature of at least 910° C. and holding said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) at said temperature for a time to austenitize said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ),
in the step e) quenching said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) at a quenching rate sufficient to prevent the formation of pearlite, or at least 150° C./min, and
in the step f) heat treating said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) to a second temperature of 250-400° C., and holding said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) at said temperature for a predetermined time of at least 30 minutes to austemper said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ).
9. A tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) for mounting directly or indirectly on the arm ( 12 ) of an earth-moving or material-handling machine ( 10 ), the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) being arranged to enable at least one of coupling or positioning by tilting or turning of a tool ( 14 ) in relation to an arm of the machine, wherein at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) has been manufactured by the method according to claim 1 .
10. The tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 9 , wherein said tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) comprises a coupler, or is constituted by a coupler.
11. The tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 9 , wherein said tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) comprises a tool displacement mechanism configured for at least one of coupling, linear displacing or positioning by tilting or turning said tool ( 14 ).
12. An earth-moving or material-handling machine ( 10 ), comprising the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 9 .
13. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising:
shaping at least one surface ( 29 ) on said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) during the casting of step b) or during machining before the austenizing of step d) whereby said at least one surface ( 29 ) having been shaped subsequently undergoes transformation to martensite.
14. The tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 10 , wherein said tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) further comprises a tool displacement mechanism for at least one of rotating, and/or tilting or linearly displacing said tool ( 14 ).
15. An earth-moving or material-handling machine ( 10 ), comprising the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 10 .
16. An earth-moving or material-handling machine ( 10 ), comprising the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 11 .
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the earth-moving or material-handling machine is an excavator, tractor, harvester, forwarder or crane ( 10 ), and the tool ( 14 ) is a bucket, grapple, fork, vibratory compactor or harvesting head.
18. The tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) according to claim 9 , wherein the earth-moving or material-handling machine is an excavator, tractor, harvester, forwarder or crane ( 10 ), and the tool ( 14 ) is a bucket, grapple, fork, vibratory compactor or harvesting head.
19. The method according to claim 8 wherein the step F) of heat treating said at least one part of the tilt rotator ( 22 ) or rotator ( 26 ) is performed with the second temperature at 350-380° C.