Creation of artificial internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements
A method of producing a nucleic acid sequence having an adenine-rich nucleic acid block of at least 25 nucleotides in length is provided. The nucleic acid sequence that is produced is capable of initiating translation at an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and the adenine-rich nucleic acid block comprises from 40 to 100 mol-% adenine.
1. An isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell comprising an expression cassette comprising a first nucleotide sequence of interest to be expressed, said first nucleotide sequence of interest being operably linked to an upstream second nucleotide sequence, the second nucleotide sequence comprising an IRES element that directs cap-independent translation of said first nucleotide sequence wherein said IRES element is an adenine-rich nucleic acid block of at least 25 nucleotides in length, said adenine-rich nucleic acid block comprising at least 90% content adenine.
2. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell according to claim 1 , wherein said first nucleotide sequence encodes a reporter protein.
3. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell according to claim 1 , wherein said cell is a plant cell or a protoplast thereof.
4. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell according to claim 1 , wherein said cell is an animal cell.
5. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell according to claim 4 , wherein said cell is a human cell.
6. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell according to claim 1 , wherein said cell is a fungal cell.
7. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell according to claim 6 , wherein said cell is a yeast cell.
8. The isolated transgenic or transiently modified cell of claim 1 , wherein said adenine-rich nucleic acid block is at least 40 nucleotides in length.
9. A process of expressing a nucleotide sequence of interest in a cell, comprising introducing into the cell an expression cassette comprising a first nucleotide sequence of interest to be expressed, said first nucleotide sequence of interest being operably linked to an upstream second nucleotide sequence, the second nucleotide sequence comprising an IRES element that directs cap-independent translation of said first nucleotide sequence wherein said IRES element is an adenine-rich nucleic acid block of at least 25 nucleotides in length, said adenine-rich nucleic acid block comprising at least 90-% content adenine.
10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said first nucleotide sequence of interest is expressed from a bicistronic or polycistronic mRNA.
11. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said cell is selected from the group consisting of a plant cell, an animal cell, and a yeast cell.
12. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said adenine-rich nucleic acid block is a poly(A) element.
13. A non-human eukaryotic organism comprising a cell comprising an expression cassette comprising a first nucleotide sequence of interest to be expressed, said first nucleotide sequence of interest being operably linked to an upstream second nucleotide sequence, the second nucleotide sequence comprising an IRES element that directs cap-independent translation of said first nucleotide sequence wherein said IRES element is an adenine-rich nucleic acid block of at least 25 nucleotides in length, said adenine-rich nucleic acid block comprising at least 90% content adenine.
14. The organism of claim 13 , wherein said organism is a plant.