Acid-impregnated activated carbon and methods of forming and using the same
An acid-impregnated activated carbon matrix is formed from a carbonaceous material by the addition of a mineral acid, and may be used to chemisorb ammonia from a gas stream. The ammonia reacts with the acid to form a fertilizer salt. The spent matrix may be used as a fertilizer, or the fertilizer salt may be elutriated from the matrix.
1. A method for producing a porous carbon matrix impregnated with mineral acid directly from a carbonaceous biomass material, comprising the step of applying a mineral acid to the carbonaceous biomass material while mixing both components, in one step, without the addition of heat subsequent to the application of acid, and without further washing or neutralization, thereby leaving the mineral acid impregnated in the porous carbon matrix.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of drying or wetting the carbonaceous biomass material to a suitable moisture content prior to acid application.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of grinding the carbonaceous biomass material to a suitable particle size range prior to acid application.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonaceous biomass material comprises wood, digested or composted animal manure, peat moss, straw, municipal solid waste, bedding materials containing manure, nut shells, or coconut coir.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of pelletizing the carbonaceous material prior to applying a mineral acid.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of pelletizing or granulating the carbon matrix impregnated with a mineral acid.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the mineral acid comprises sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric or hydrochloric acid.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the mineral acid comprises concentrated sulphuric acid.